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Punishment

  • punishments

    • intrinsic - the behavior itself (pushups, starting a fight)

    • extrinsic - the punishment is applied (someone makes fun of you)

    • primary - innately punishing. biological (hunger, extreme temps)

    • secondary - learned punishment (feeling bad when you get a bad grade)

    • generalized - associated with multiple punishments (silent treatment)

  • problems with punishments

    • punishment of maladaptive behavior doesn’t directly strengthen occurrence of adaptive behavior

      • have to differentially reinforce adaptive behavior

    • punishing one behavior can result in generalized suppression of other behaviors

    • the person delivering the punishment may become the discriminative stimulus for punishment

      • may only suppress unwanted behavior only when person is present

    • punishment may teach the person to avoid the person who delivered the punishment

    • punishment is likely to elicit strong emotional response (aggression)

    • punishment through modeling could teach person that punishment is acceptable means of controlling behavior (corporal punishment)

    • punishment often has immediate effect stopping unwanted behavior

      • use of punishment is strongly reinforced

  • benefits and effective use of punishment

    • benefits

      • can lead to increase in social behavior

      • sometimes results in mood improvement

        • removes guilt

      • can increase attention to environment - being more careful in order to avoid punishment

    • effective use

      • must be immediate

      • must be consistent

      • should be intense enough that it works

        • proportional response

      • negative punishment is generally preferable to positive punishment

      • should be accompanied by explanation

      • should be combined w positive reinforcement for appropriate behavior

    • noncontingent punishment: punishment not tied to a behavior. uncontrollable / unpredictable

      • causes learned helplessness, anxiety, depression

        • cure for learned helplessness - forced to escape aversive stimulus prior exposure

        • prevention - give people experience with minor adversities in order to build up resilience against more serious difficulties

Punishment

  • punishments

    • intrinsic - the behavior itself (pushups, starting a fight)

    • extrinsic - the punishment is applied (someone makes fun of you)

    • primary - innately punishing. biological (hunger, extreme temps)

    • secondary - learned punishment (feeling bad when you get a bad grade)

    • generalized - associated with multiple punishments (silent treatment)

  • problems with punishments

    • punishment of maladaptive behavior doesn’t directly strengthen occurrence of adaptive behavior

      • have to differentially reinforce adaptive behavior

    • punishing one behavior can result in generalized suppression of other behaviors

    • the person delivering the punishment may become the discriminative stimulus for punishment

      • may only suppress unwanted behavior only when person is present

    • punishment may teach the person to avoid the person who delivered the punishment

    • punishment is likely to elicit strong emotional response (aggression)

    • punishment through modeling could teach person that punishment is acceptable means of controlling behavior (corporal punishment)

    • punishment often has immediate effect stopping unwanted behavior

      • use of punishment is strongly reinforced

  • benefits and effective use of punishment

    • benefits

      • can lead to increase in social behavior

      • sometimes results in mood improvement

        • removes guilt

      • can increase attention to environment - being more careful in order to avoid punishment

    • effective use

      • must be immediate

      • must be consistent

      • should be intense enough that it works

        • proportional response

      • negative punishment is generally preferable to positive punishment

      • should be accompanied by explanation

      • should be combined w positive reinforcement for appropriate behavior

    • noncontingent punishment: punishment not tied to a behavior. uncontrollable / unpredictable

      • causes learned helplessness, anxiety, depression

        • cure for learned helplessness - forced to escape aversive stimulus prior exposure

        • prevention - give people experience with minor adversities in order to build up resilience against more serious difficulties

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