Principles of Agricultural Mechanization

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts and definitions from the lecture on Principles of Agricultural Mechanization.

What is Agricultural Mechanization?

The science and art of using equipment and machines in agricultural production to increase yields.

What are the benefits of agricultural mechanization?

Reduction of human drudgery, increased productivity, improved timeliness of operations, and reduced spoilage and waste.

Name the two categories of motion in mechanics.

Rectilinear and curvilinear motion.

What is the formula to calculate power in mechanical systems?

Power = Work / Time.

Define hydraulic systems in agricultural machinery.

Systems that use pressurized liquids to transmit power and perform work.

What types of power transmission methods are commonly used in farm machinery?

Direct drives, pulleys and belts, sprocket wheels and chains, gears, hydraulic systems, shafts and universal joints.

What is the purpose of a tractor's Power Take-Off (PTO)?

To provide rotational power to attached implements.

Describe the difference between primary and secondary tillage equipment.

Primary tillage equipment is used for deep soil working, while secondary tillage equipment is intended for refining soil conditions closer to the surface.

What is the significance of the coefficient of rolling resistance (CRR)?

It is the ratio of the horizontal force needed to pull a loaded wheel over a horizontal surface to the vertical force on that wheel's axle.

List two types of planting methods in agriculture.

Broadcasting and seed drilling.

What are the main components of a hydraulic system?

Source of power, oil container, pump, filters, hoses, control valves, and load implements.

How is work measured in mechanics?

Work is measured in joules and is calculated as the force acting on a body causing it to move a distance.

What is the function of filters in hydraulic systems?

To clean the system oil from contamination and debris, ensuring smooth operation.

Explain the difference between single acting and double acting hydraulic cylinders.

Single acting cylinders extend under pressure and retract by gravity, while double acting cylinders can extend and retract under hydraulic pressure.

What role does the engine play in a tractor?

It serves as the power source, converting fuel into mechanical energy to operate the tractor.

What is the function of the clutch in a tractor's power train?

To connect and disconnect power from the engine to the transmission.

List the four basic functions of a tractor's power train.

Connects/disconnects power, selects speed/torque ratios, provides reverse capability, and equalizes power to drive wheels.

Name two types of sprayers used for applying fertilizers and chemicals.

Hydraulic sprayers and aerosol generators.

What does the term 'moment' refer to in mechanics?

A moment about a point is equal to the acting force multiplied by the perpendicular distance between the point and the line of action of that force.

Describe the concept of mechanical advantage.

It is the ratio of the force delivered by a machine to the force applied to it.

What is the purpose of control valves in hydraulic systems?

To regulate the direction, flow, and pressure of the fluid discharged by the hydraulic pump.

What is the main purpose of tillage in agriculture?

To manipulate the soil to facilitate crop growth and prepare the seedbed.

Define the efficiency of a machine or system.

It is the ratio of the work delivered by the machine to the work applied on it.

What is the formula for calculating discharge rate of a nozzle?

Discharge rate (DR) = Volume of liquid discharged (Vnoz) / time (t).