Global First Test

Globalization

Advancements in transportation and technology (communication) which led to exchanges of culture and resources and the world is economically interdependent AND environmentally responsible

Another way to say it: what happens in one place, happens in another.

Globalization Example

Nutella is a prime example of globalization because its ingredients come from many different parts of the world. It is made up of Turkish hazelnuts, Nigerian cocoa, Brazilian sugar, French vanilla, and Malaysian palm oil. Essentially, more than six countries from all over the globe are needed to develop one jar of Nutella. Factories that make Nutella are also on nearly every continent and Nutella is sold worldwide. This shows how a product can bring together resources from different regions.

Sovereignty

A state has the right to government itself without any interference from outside sources or foreign powers

Sovereignty Example

Previously, Niue & The Cook Islands were recognized as states under the dominion of New Zealand, however during the second Pacific Island Summit, the United States finally recognized them as sovereign & independent states. The U.S recognized these countries because of the territorial & economic advantage these islands pose to combat rivaling countries, such as North Korea & China. The United States pledged $810 million dollars to support military defense & major industries.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Attack on one is an attack on all

collective DEFENSE

NATO example

Finland joined NATO in April 2023 despite Russia’s objection due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. This change is significant because it doubles the size of NATO’s direct border between Russia and Finland, resulting in Russia feeling that its security is threatened. In response, Russia has pledged its commitment to strengthening its military presence in the western and northwest regions.

Extradition

Cooperation between law enforcements agencies between two countries to return a person who is accused or convicted of committing a crime in one state but fled to a second state

Extradition Example

Tera founder Du Kwon, a crypto fugitive, is evading US extradition, claiming impossibility due to his detainment in Montenegro. He faces questioning regarding the collapse of stablecoins Terra and Luna, which caused substantial market losses, impacting cryptocurrency market reliability.

Secular

Separate from religion

Not exclusively allied with or against any particular religion

Secular Example

The word secular was added into the Preamble by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1976 to show that all religions in India are going to be treated equally. The new copies of the Preamble didn’t have the word secular which led to an uproar and confusion with everyone. The people are not sure whether India is dropping the word Secular or not.

Sacred

Very holy, relating to RELIGION

worthy of religious workshop

Sacred Example

A layer of toxic foam has covered parts of the Yamuna River near India's capital during the Chhath Puja festival. Religious festivals like Chhath Puja involve rituals and bathing in the river. The Yamuna River is considered sacred, particularly by Hindus, as it is branched from the holy Ganges River. However, pollution and toxic foam have raised concerns about the safety of these religious practices.

G20

The group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum for international economic

19 countries

European Union

African Union

G20 Example

The latest addition to the G20 is a permanent membership for Africa. Africa has a voice for itself. Africa has the largest free trade area, it also has enormous amounts of resources that help combat climate change. Africa also has 60% of the world’s renewable energy and more than 30% of minerals key to low carbon technologies. 

Blasphemy

Insulting or showing contempt towards something holy or sacred — RELIGION

Blasphemy Example

Lina Lutfiawati, a muslim Indonesian tiktoker, had a video of hers go viral. She was seen reciting a prayer that translates to “in the name of God” before eating pork skin which is completely forbidden in the Islamic religion. As a result she was fined 250 million rupiah and two years in jail on blasphemy charges.

What: Huacachina Desert Oasis

Where: Peru, Western Coast

What: Waitomo Glowworm Caves

Where: New Zealand

What: Pamukkale infinity pool

Where: Turkey

What: Qiandao lake (Islands)

Where: Zhejiang, China

What: Arashigama Bamboo grove

Where: Japan

What: The Golden Temple

Where: Panjab, India

What: Moraine Lake

Where: Canada

1. The General Assembly

“Legislative” body of the UN

all 193 countries have a seat

give speeches, discuss world issues/topics

One country/ one vote

Resolutions are non-binding(AKA nobody care")

2. The Security Council

Center of power in UN

15 members

The ENFORCER

controls UN military forces

5 permanent members - US, Uk, France, China, Russia

Each of the 5 has veto power (ONLY these 5) - BIGGG problem

2. Non permanent members from the security council

10 countries serve 2 year terms

• Africa (3) one arab'

• Asia (2)

• LAtin American (2)

• Western europe & others (2)

• Eastern Europe (1)

NEw 5 Each year

3. Secretary- General

Antonio Guterres (Portugal) ….2017

9 votes, NOO veto

5 year terms (2)

Rotate Regions

4. Court

The International Court of Justice (ICS) Judicial Branch of UN

Sits at The Hague, Netherlands

Function is to settle legal disputes between states (not individual, corporations, or organizations)

5 Security council permanent members have veto power over any decision

Article reading 5: Who could lead the United Nations next? (CNN)

The story discusses the potential candidates for the next United Nations Secretary-General in 2026, with a focus on Prime Minister Mia Mottley of Barbados as a leading contender. There's a push for a female candidate from the Latin America and the Caribbean region. Mottley's international initiatives and challenges to global financial systems are highlighted. The debate around promoting female candidates and the complexities of achieving consensus, given geopolitical tensions, are central themes.

Article reading 7: UN-backed probe into Ethiopia’s abuses is set to end. No one has asked for it to continue. (AP News)

The UN-backed investigation into human rights abuses in Ethiopia's Tigray region is ending because no country pushed for an extension, despite ongoing atrocities. This means there won't be a detailed inquiry into war crimes. The European Union offered aid to Ethiopia but didn't insist on extending the investigation, causing criticism. Ethiopia's opposition to the probe made it difficult to conduct thorough investigations. This situation is a significant setback in addressing serious human rights violations in Ethiopia.

Article reading 10: Ukraine: Civilians endure ‘unbearable’ toll amid ‘unrelenting’ attacks (Un news)

Senior UN officials strongly condemned recent deadly Russian attacks in Ukraine, emphasizing the urgent need for accountability. The attacks, including one in Hroza village that killed 52 people, marked some of the deadliest incidents since the invasion. UN highlighted serious human rights violations, conflict-related sexual violence, and a rise in attacks on aid workers. The UN urged international action to end the devastating war in Ukraine.