Life and Works of Rizal - Midterm

Rizal Law RA 1425

Philippine law that requires all schools in the Philippines, both public and private, to offer courses on the life, works, and writings of the Philippine national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal.

Senate Bill No. 438

An Act to Make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Compulsory Reading Matter in All Public and Private Colleges and Universities and for other Purposes.

Republic Act 1425

The law signed by President Ramon Magsaysay on June 12, 1956, requiring the teaching of the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal in schools, colleges and universities, public and private in the Philippines.

Di-matatag na Administrasyong Kolonyal

Naging simula ng kaguluhang political sa Espanya.

Governor Generals

From 1835-1897, the Philippines was governed by 50 gobernador heneral.

Mga Tiwaling Opisyal

Karamihan sa mga opisyal na ipinadala ng Espanya sa Pilipinas ay tiwali, malulupit, makasarili at walang karapatang manungkulan.

Hen. Rafael de Izquierdo

Governor General from 1871-1873.

Hen. Valeriano Weyler

Governor General from 1888-1891.

Hen. Camilo de Polavieja

Governor General from 1896-1897.

Pagkakait ng mga Karapatang Pantao

Ang mga awtoridad na Espanyol ay nagpapahalaga sa kanilang karapatan na siya ring nagkakait ng karapatan sa mga Pilipino.

Walang Pagkakapantay-pantay sa Pagpapatupad ng Batas

Ang mga Espanyol ay mapang-api sa mga kulay-kayumangging Pilipino, mababa ang trato.

Leyes de Indias

Naglilimita sa karapatang panlipunan, pampolitika and pang-ekonomiya.

Spanish Penal Code

Prescribes punishment for persons who use insulting language about Ministers of the Crown or other 'authority.'

Tiwaling Pagpapatupad ng Sistema sa Hustisya

Ang hustisya ay nabibili, may kinikilingan at mabagal.

Diskriminasyon ng Lahi

Ang di makatwirang pagtingin sa mga lahi ay laganap saanman.

Frailocracia

Pamahalaan ng mga prayle.

Sapilitang Paggawa

Polo - sapilitang paggawa na ipinatupad ng mga awtoridad na Espanyol sa kalalakihang Pilipino.

Falla

Halagang ibinabayad sa pamahalaan para makaiwas sa polo.

Mga Asyendang pag-aari ng Prayle

Mga prayle ang nagmamay-ari ng mga pinakamagagandang asyenda sa Pilipinas.

Ang mga Guardia Civiles

Nakilala sa pang-aabuso - pagmamaltrato, pagnanakaw at panggagahasa.

First Sorrow: Concepcion

Concepcion (Concha) died when she was three years old.

DEVOTED SON OF CATHOLIC CHURCH

Pepe love to go to church and join spiritual activities.

THE PARABLE OF THE MOTH

Doña Teodora narrated the story of the moth to Jose from the book 'El Amigo de los Niños' (The Children's Friend/Ang Kaibigan ng mga Bata).

MANY SPLENDID TALENTS

José was designed by nature to be an artist, revealing this talent before he was five years of age.

Uncle José Alberto

A fine artist himself, helped him develop his innate gift in arts.

Uncle Gregorio

A tireless reader who lectured the child on the foundations of success and logic.

Uncle Manuel

A sports and fitness enthusiast who encouraged physical training.

Literary Talents

At the age of 8, Rizal wrote the poem 'Sa Aking Mga Kababata' to appeal to his countrymen to love their national language.

Early Schooling

Jose learned the alphabet from his mother at the age of 3.

Don Francisco

Paid for the education of Jose through Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Maestro Leon Monroy.

Best Pupil in Biñan

Rizal continued to study Latin under Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz and topped in all subjects.

First Brawl

Rizal's first fight was with a student named Pedro.

Painting Lesson

Learned painting in the shop of an old man named Juancho.

Doña Teodora

Arbitrarily arrested on a malicious charge of aiding her brother in trying to poison his wife.

GOMBURZA's Martyrdom

The unjust execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora on February 17, 1872.

Entrance to Ateneo

Rizal passed entrance exams at San Juan de Letran and enrolled at Ateneo Municipal in June 1872.

Ateneo's Background

A college under Spanish Jesuits, formerly known as Escuela Pia, open to all students regardless of race.

Education System at Ateneo

More advanced than other schools, including attending Mass before classes.

First Day at Ateneo

Rizal used the surname 'Rizal' instead of 'Mercado' and improved his class standing within a month.

Student Ranking System

Students were divided into two empires: Roman Empire and Greek Empire.

My First Poem

Written as a birthday tribute to his mother.

Books He Read

Included 'The Count of Monte Cristo' by Alexander Dumas and 'Universal History' by Cesar Cantu.

Prize-Winning Works

Included 'A La Juventud Filipina' (poem), 'El Consejo de los Dioses' (allegory), and 'Junto al Pasig' (melodrama).

Fr. Francisco Sanchez

Rizal's professor who inspired his love for learning.

Views on Education

Education should enable individuals to contribute to society.

Artistic Skills in Sculpture

Rizal carved the Virgin Mary on batikuling and created an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

University of Santo Tomas (UST)

A university where Rizal enrolled in June 1877 to study Philosophy and Letters.

First Day at UST

Rizal entered UST at age 16 and began medical studies in his second year.

Challenges at UST

Rizal experienced hostility from Dominican professors and faced traditional and restrictive teaching methods.

Course of Theology and Law (1877-1879)

Rizal's academic records included Sobresaliente (Outstanding) in Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy.

Course of Medicine (1878-1882)

Rizal's grades included Aprovechado (Very Good) in Advanced Physics and Advanced Chemistry, and Bueno (Good) in General Anatomy & Histology.

First Year of Medicine

Rizal received Bueno (Good) in General Anatomy & Histology, Descriptive Anatomy, and Exercises of Osteology & Dissection.

Second Year of Medicine (1879-1880)

Rizal's grades included Bueno in General Anatomy & Histology II, Descriptive Anatomy, Exercises of Dissection, and Physiology, Private & Public Hygiene.

Third Year of Medicine (1880-1881)

Rizal received Aprovado (Passed) in General Pathology and Sobresaliente in Therapeutics, Medical Matters & Arts of Prescribing.

Fourth Year of Medicine (1881-1882)

Rizal's grades included Notable (Very Good) in Medical Pathology, Surgical Pathology, and Obstetrics, Sickness for Women & Children.

Segunda Katigbak

Rizal's first love, a 14-year-old boarder at La Concordia College, who was engaged to Manuel Luz.

Leonor Valenzuela

A lady whom Rizal admired and for whom he wrote letters in invisible ink.

Leonor Rivera

Rizal's most serious love interest, daughter of his uncle Antonio, described as having light skin, wavy hair, dark eyes, and a small mouth.

Rizal Left for Spain

Rizal's departure was kept a secret; he left Calamba on May 1, 1882, using the name 'Jose Mercado' to avoid detection.

Journey to Spain

Rizal traveled from Singapore to Colombo, then through the Suez Canal, Naples, and Marseilles before arriving in Spain.

Barcelona

Rizal traveled from Marseilles to Barcelona, where he wrote several essays including 'Amor Patrio' and 'Los Viajes.'

Madrid (1882)

Rizal enrolled at the Central University of Madrid for Medicine and Philosophy and Letters, and took lessons in painting and sculpture.

Rizal and Masonry

Rizal joined Masonry seeking protection against abuses by Spanish friars and became a Master Mason in Lodge Solidaridad.

Admiration for Luna and Hidalgo (1884)

Rizal attended the Madrigal Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid and delivered a speech honoring Filipino painters Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo.

Graduation in Madrid

Rizal defended his Philosophy and Letters thesis and graduated with a Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters from Universidad Central de Madrid.

Amor Patrio

Love of Country

Los Viajes

Travels

Revista de Madrid

Review of Madrid

Central University of Madrid

Enrolled for Medicine and Philosophy and Letters

Academy of San Fernando

Took painting and sculpture lessons

Activities

Attended lectures, operas, concerts, art galleries, and museums; practiced fencing and shooting; read books like Uncle Tom's Cabin and The Wandering Jew

Masonry

Joined due to abuses by Spanish friars and possible protection in his fight for reforms

Master Mason

Became a Master Mason in Lodge Solidaridad

Juan Luna

Won 1st Prize for Spoliarium

Felix Hidalgo

Won 2nd Prize for Christian Virgin Exposed to the Populace

Café Inglés

Delivered a speech to honor Filipino painters

Graduation in Madrid

Graduated with a Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters from Universidad Central de Madrid

Prof. Miguel de Unamuno

Sponsored Rizal's graduation

Medical studies

Finished studies in 1884 but did not receive a degree until 1887

Touring Europe

Travelled with Dr. Viola to various destinations including Potsdam, Dresden, Teschen, Leitmeritz, Prague, Vienna, Linz, Salzburg, Munich, Nuremberg, Ulm, Rheinfall, and Rome

July 3, 1887

Boarded Djemnah to return to the Philippines

July 30, 1887

Stopped at Saigon, Vietnam, then took S.S. Hayfong to Manila

August 6, 1887

Arrived in Manila

Medical clinic

Opened a clinic; first patient was his mother

Doctor Uliman

Nickname due to being mistaken for a German

Noli Me Tangere

Copies reached the Philippines before his return

Governor-General Emilio Terrero

Summoned Rizal due to Noli Me Tangere

Archbishop Pedro Payo

Sent Noli Me Tangere to UST Rector for review, declared it scandalous

Calamba Hacienda

Owned by the Dominican Order, increased rents, and charged high-interest rates for delayed payments

Forced to leave Calamba

Due to threats against his family, advised by Governor Terrero to go back to Europe for safety

Arrival in England

May 24, 1888 - Arrived in Liverpool, England, stayed at Hotel Adelphi

Hotel Adelphi

Where Rizal stayed during his time in London.

Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor

A Filipino lawyer in London who hosted Rizal.

Dr. Reinhold Rost

An expert on Malayan culture who referred to Rizal as 'Una Perla de Hombre' (A Pearl of a Man).

Reasons for Choosing London

To improve his English language skills, annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, and for safer political activities.

British Museum

Where Rizal spent time researching Philippine history.

Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas

A rare copy found by Rizal during his research.

Bad News from the Philippines

Brother-in-law exiled in Bohol, Laureano Viado arrested and imprisoned, and Calamba agrarian problem worsened.

Good News from the Philippines

Fr. Vicente Garcia defended Noli Me Tangere from attacks.

September 1888

Rizal took a short trip to Paris to research in the Bibliothèque Nationale.