Rizal Law RA 1425
Philippine law that requires all schools in the Philippines, both public and private, to offer courses on the life, works, and writings of the Philippine national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal.
Senate Bill No. 438
An Act to Make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Compulsory Reading Matter in All Public and Private Colleges and Universities and for other Purposes.
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Rizal Law RA 1425
Philippine law that requires all schools in the Philippines, both public and private, to offer courses on the life, works, and writings of the Philippine national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal.
Senate Bill No. 438
An Act to Make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Compulsory Reading Matter in All Public and Private Colleges and Universities and for other Purposes.
Republic Act 1425
The law signed by President Ramon Magsaysay on June 12, 1956, requiring the teaching of the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal in schools, colleges and universities, public and private in the Philippines.
Di-matatag na Administrasyong Kolonyal
Naging simula ng kaguluhang political sa Espanya.
Governor Generals
From 1835-1897, the Philippines was governed by 50 gobernador heneral.
Mga Tiwaling Opisyal
Karamihan sa mga opisyal na ipinadala ng Espanya sa Pilipinas ay tiwali, malulupit, makasarili at walang karapatang manungkulan.
Hen. Rafael de Izquierdo
Governor General from 1871-1873.
Hen. Valeriano Weyler
Governor General from 1888-1891.
Hen. Camilo de Polavieja
Governor General from 1896-1897.
Pagkakait ng mga Karapatang Pantao
Ang mga awtoridad na Espanyol ay nagpapahalaga sa kanilang karapatan na siya ring nagkakait ng karapatan sa mga Pilipino.
Walang Pagkakapantay-pantay sa Pagpapatupad ng Batas
Ang mga Espanyol ay mapang-api sa mga kulay-kayumangging Pilipino, mababa ang trato.
Leyes de Indias
Naglilimita sa karapatang panlipunan, pampolitika and pang-ekonomiya.
Spanish Penal Code
Prescribes punishment for persons who use insulting language about Ministers of the Crown or other 'authority.'
Tiwaling Pagpapatupad ng Sistema sa Hustisya
Ang hustisya ay nabibili, may kinikilingan at mabagal.
Diskriminasyon ng Lahi
Ang di makatwirang pagtingin sa mga lahi ay laganap saanman.
Frailocracia
Pamahalaan ng mga prayle.
Sapilitang Paggawa
Polo - sapilitang paggawa na ipinatupad ng mga awtoridad na Espanyol sa kalalakihang Pilipino.
Falla
Halagang ibinabayad sa pamahalaan para makaiwas sa polo.
Mga Asyendang pag-aari ng Prayle
Mga prayle ang nagmamay-ari ng mga pinakamagagandang asyenda sa Pilipinas.
Ang mga Guardia Civiles
Nakilala sa pang-aabuso - pagmamaltrato, pagnanakaw at panggagahasa.
First Sorrow: Concepcion
Concepcion (Concha) died when she was three years old.
DEVOTED SON OF CATHOLIC CHURCH
Pepe love to go to church and join spiritual activities.
THE PARABLE OF THE MOTH
Doña Teodora narrated the story of the moth to Jose from the book 'El Amigo de los Niños' (The Children's Friend/Ang Kaibigan ng mga Bata).
MANY SPLENDID TALENTS
José was designed by nature to be an artist, revealing this talent before he was five years of age.
Uncle José Alberto
A fine artist himself, helped him develop his innate gift in arts.
Uncle Gregorio
A tireless reader who lectured the child on the foundations of success and logic.
Uncle Manuel
A sports and fitness enthusiast who encouraged physical training.
Literary Talents
At the age of 8, Rizal wrote the poem 'Sa Aking Mga Kababata' to appeal to his countrymen to love their national language.
Early Schooling
Jose learned the alphabet from his mother at the age of 3.
Don Francisco
Paid for the education of Jose through Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua, and Maestro Leon Monroy.
Best Pupil in Biñan
Rizal continued to study Latin under Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz and topped in all subjects.
First Brawl
Rizal's first fight was with a student named Pedro.
Painting Lesson
Learned painting in the shop of an old man named Juancho.
Doña Teodora
Arbitrarily arrested on a malicious charge of aiding her brother in trying to poison his wife.
GOMBURZA's Martyrdom
The unjust execution of Father Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora on February 17, 1872.
Entrance to Ateneo
Rizal passed entrance exams at San Juan de Letran and enrolled at Ateneo Municipal in June 1872.
Ateneo's Background
A college under Spanish Jesuits, formerly known as Escuela Pia, open to all students regardless of race.
Education System at Ateneo
More advanced than other schools, including attending Mass before classes.
First Day at Ateneo
Rizal used the surname 'Rizal' instead of 'Mercado' and improved his class standing within a month.
Student Ranking System
Students were divided into two empires: Roman Empire and Greek Empire.
My First Poem
Written as a birthday tribute to his mother.
Books He Read
Included 'The Count of Monte Cristo' by Alexander Dumas and 'Universal History' by Cesar Cantu.
Prize-Winning Works
Included 'A La Juventud Filipina' (poem), 'El Consejo de los Dioses' (allegory), and 'Junto al Pasig' (melodrama).
Fr. Francisco Sanchez
Rizal's professor who inspired his love for learning.
Views on Education
Education should enable individuals to contribute to society.
Artistic Skills in Sculpture
Rizal carved the Virgin Mary on batikuling and created an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
University of Santo Tomas (UST)
A university where Rizal enrolled in June 1877 to study Philosophy and Letters.
First Day at UST
Rizal entered UST at age 16 and began medical studies in his second year.
Challenges at UST
Rizal experienced hostility from Dominican professors and faced traditional and restrictive teaching methods.
Course of Theology and Law (1877-1879)
Rizal's academic records included Sobresaliente (Outstanding) in Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy.
Course of Medicine (1878-1882)
Rizal's grades included Aprovechado (Very Good) in Advanced Physics and Advanced Chemistry, and Bueno (Good) in General Anatomy & Histology.
First Year of Medicine
Rizal received Bueno (Good) in General Anatomy & Histology, Descriptive Anatomy, and Exercises of Osteology & Dissection.
Second Year of Medicine (1879-1880)
Rizal's grades included Bueno in General Anatomy & Histology II, Descriptive Anatomy, Exercises of Dissection, and Physiology, Private & Public Hygiene.
Third Year of Medicine (1880-1881)
Rizal received Aprovado (Passed) in General Pathology and Sobresaliente in Therapeutics, Medical Matters & Arts of Prescribing.
Fourth Year of Medicine (1881-1882)
Rizal's grades included Notable (Very Good) in Medical Pathology, Surgical Pathology, and Obstetrics, Sickness for Women & Children.
Segunda Katigbak
Rizal's first love, a 14-year-old boarder at La Concordia College, who was engaged to Manuel Luz.
Leonor Valenzuela
A lady whom Rizal admired and for whom he wrote letters in invisible ink.
Leonor Rivera
Rizal's most serious love interest, daughter of his uncle Antonio, described as having light skin, wavy hair, dark eyes, and a small mouth.
Rizal Left for Spain
Rizal's departure was kept a secret; he left Calamba on May 1, 1882, using the name 'Jose Mercado' to avoid detection.
Journey to Spain
Rizal traveled from Singapore to Colombo, then through the Suez Canal, Naples, and Marseilles before arriving in Spain.
Barcelona
Rizal traveled from Marseilles to Barcelona, where he wrote several essays including 'Amor Patrio' and 'Los Viajes.'
Madrid (1882)
Rizal enrolled at the Central University of Madrid for Medicine and Philosophy and Letters, and took lessons in painting and sculpture.
Rizal and Masonry
Rizal joined Masonry seeking protection against abuses by Spanish friars and became a Master Mason in Lodge Solidaridad.
Admiration for Luna and Hidalgo (1884)
Rizal attended the Madrigal Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid and delivered a speech honoring Filipino painters Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo.
Graduation in Madrid
Rizal defended his Philosophy and Letters thesis and graduated with a Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters from Universidad Central de Madrid.
Amor Patrio
Love of Country
Los Viajes
Travels
Revista de Madrid
Review of Madrid
Central University of Madrid
Enrolled for Medicine and Philosophy and Letters
Academy of San Fernando
Took painting and sculpture lessons
Activities
Attended lectures, operas, concerts, art galleries, and museums; practiced fencing and shooting; read books like Uncle Tom's Cabin and The Wandering Jew
Masonry
Joined due to abuses by Spanish friars and possible protection in his fight for reforms
Master Mason
Became a Master Mason in Lodge Solidaridad
Juan Luna
Won 1st Prize for Spoliarium
Felix Hidalgo
Won 2nd Prize for Christian Virgin Exposed to the Populace
Café Inglés
Delivered a speech to honor Filipino painters
Graduation in Madrid
Graduated with a Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters from Universidad Central de Madrid
Prof. Miguel de Unamuno
Sponsored Rizal's graduation
Medical studies
Finished studies in 1884 but did not receive a degree until 1887
Touring Europe
Travelled with Dr. Viola to various destinations including Potsdam, Dresden, Teschen, Leitmeritz, Prague, Vienna, Linz, Salzburg, Munich, Nuremberg, Ulm, Rheinfall, and Rome
July 3, 1887
Boarded Djemnah to return to the Philippines
July 30, 1887
Stopped at Saigon, Vietnam, then took S.S. Hayfong to Manila
August 6, 1887
Arrived in Manila
Medical clinic
Opened a clinic; first patient was his mother
Doctor Uliman
Nickname due to being mistaken for a German
Noli Me Tangere
Copies reached the Philippines before his return
Governor-General Emilio Terrero
Summoned Rizal due to Noli Me Tangere
Archbishop Pedro Payo
Sent Noli Me Tangere to UST Rector for review, declared it scandalous
Calamba Hacienda
Owned by the Dominican Order, increased rents, and charged high-interest rates for delayed payments
Forced to leave Calamba
Due to threats against his family, advised by Governor Terrero to go back to Europe for safety
Arrival in England
May 24, 1888 - Arrived in Liverpool, England, stayed at Hotel Adelphi
Hotel Adelphi
Where Rizal stayed during his time in London.
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
A Filipino lawyer in London who hosted Rizal.
Dr. Reinhold Rost
An expert on Malayan culture who referred to Rizal as 'Una Perla de Hombre' (A Pearl of a Man).
Reasons for Choosing London
To improve his English language skills, annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, and for safer political activities.
British Museum
Where Rizal spent time researching Philippine history.
Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
A rare copy found by Rizal during his research.
Bad News from the Philippines
Brother-in-law exiled in Bohol, Laureano Viado arrested and imprisoned, and Calamba agrarian problem worsened.
Good News from the Philippines
Fr. Vicente Garcia defended Noli Me Tangere from attacks.
September 1888
Rizal took a short trip to Paris to research in the Bibliothèque Nationale.