Biology - Unit 6

Genetic

Asexual reproduction

Two cells produced by cell division, genetically identical to cell that produced them

Sexual reproduction

Fusion of two reproductive cells from two parents, creates an individual

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content, one inherited from each parent.

Sex chromosome

Chromosomes that determine an individual's sex, typically X and Y in humans.

Genome

The haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete

Karyotype

An individual's complete set of chromosomes, organized by size, shape, and number.

Fertilization

Male and female sex cells join to produce a new cell

Meiosis

Process by which the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in the formation of gametes.

Independent assortment

Accounts for genetic diversity for offspring from same parents

Crossing-over

Chromosomes pair, bits and pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged, creates genetic diversity

Haploid

Cells with a single set of chromosomes and genes

Diploid

A cell with two sets of homologous chromosomes and genes

Gamete

Carries ½ of genetic info, reproductive cell for sexual reproduction

Allele

Different forms of a gene that determine traits

Genotype

Genetic makeup

Phenotype

Physical traits