Dental profiling part 2

Dental age

is one of the few measures of

physiologic development that is uniformly

applicable from infancy to late adolescence

Prenatal, neonatal, and early postnatal period

Children and Adolescents

Adults

Age estimation using the dentition may be

grouped into three phases

First permanent molars

_______ begin calcification

around the time of birth.

first year

Enamel formation of all deciduous teeth is

usually complete by the ____

12 - 14 weeks in utero (IU)

Deciduous (primary) teeth begin calcifying

at _____

Prenatal, neonatal and early postnatal

(what phase) Deciduous (primary) teeth begin calcifying

at 12–14 weeks in utero (IU).

Enamel formation of all deciduous teeth is

usually complete by the first year.

First permanent molars begin calcification

around the time of birth.

Neonatal Line

This is indicator of live birth

Tooth emergence and toot calcification

What are the two events that may be used to measure dental age in children and adolescents?

Tooth Emergence

it is Visual, non-invasive, and simple metho

Best suited for deciduous teeth:

• Genetically controlled and regular

• pattern.

• Begins around 6 months and completes

• by 2½ years.

Not reliable for permanent teeth due to

influence of:

• Infection

• Space issues

• Premature tooth loss

Tooth Calcification

Evaluated via radiographs

Tooth Calcification

• More accurate and less influenced by local factors.

• Useful for periods with no tooth emergence (ages 2½–6 years and >12 years).

• Recognized as one of the top 3 forensic methods.

• Suitable for criminal procedures due to high reliability.

• Easy to learn and apply, even for inexperienced dentists

Schour and Massler’s method

• First scientific dental age estimation chart.

• Covers 20 stages from 5 months IU to 21 years.

• Based on histological sections; allows comparison with radiographs.

• Bowers recommends using updated versions due to flaws in the original

Ubelaker

Who improved the Schour and Massler’s method by adding population data and variation

Demirjian’s Method

• Uses mandibular left teeth, excluding third molars initially.

• Stages from 0 (no calcification) to 9 (complete root apex).

• Teeth assigned developmental stages and corresponding maturity scores.

• Widely used due to clarity, detail, and simplicity

Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt’s method

• Widely used dental age estimation technique.

• 14 defined stages of tooth development.

• Involves analyzing the stages of tooth mineralization to determine a person's approximate age.

Nollas’s method

• Similar to the Moorrees-Fanning-Hunt method but simpler and more commonly used in clinical practice due to its ease of application.

• 10 stages of tooth development

Schour and Massler’s method

Demirjian’s Method

Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt’s method

Nollas’s method

Methods in Children and adolescents

disease, nutrition, physical strain

Age estimation in adult is more difficult than in children due to

influence of:

Endogenous/exogenous factors such as?

Gustafson’s Method

Based on 6 regressive dental changes:

• A: Attrition

• S: Secondary dentin deposition

• P: Periodontal attachment loss

• C: Cementum apposition

• R: Root resorption

• T: Dentin translucency

Each scored from 0–3; total score (X) used

in formula:

Age = 11.43 + (4.56 × X

Johanson’s modification

Who modify Gustafson’s method

Root dentin

____ is considered to start becoming

translucent in the third decade of life,

beginning at the apex and advancing

towards the cementoenamel junction

(CEJ).

Dentin Translucency

• Root dentin is considered to start becoming translucent in the third decade of life, beginning at the apex and advancing towards the cementoenamel junction (CEJ).

• Caused by intra-tubular calcification → increases translucency

• Most reliable variable

Bang and Ramm’s Approach

• Measure translucency length (T) from apex to transition zone

• Separate buccal and lingual/palatal measurements averaged

• Different regression formulae for different teeth

Kagerer and Grupe

Cementum Incremental Lines

• Proposed by _____

• Uses unstained tooth cross-sections

• Accuracy: ±2–3 years

• Can detect life events (e.g., pregnancy, trauma, disease)

• Promising for skeletal remain

Radiographic (Non-Destructive Techniques)

Methods of estimating age in adults necessitate tooth extraction, sectioning and possible destruction.

While this is feasible in dead individuals, it is not practical (and possibly unethical) in living adults.

Cameriere’s Pulp to Tooth Area Ratio

• Based on secondary dentin deposition

• Measures pulp chamber area vs. tooth area on radiographs

• Ratio decreases with age

• Advantage: avoids magnification/angulation error

Tooth Calcification

is preferred over eruption for accurate age estimation

Feticide and infanticide

Accurate age estimation is crucial in cases of