CSCS Prep Chapter 11

What are anabolic steroids?

Testosterone

What are testosterone precursors?

Prohormones; athletic changes may not occur, but may be at higher risk for experiencing adverse effects.

What is HCG?

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; can increase testicular testosterone production.

What does insulin do?

Facilitates uptake of glucose and amino acids.

What does human growth hormone do?

Stimulates growth, maintains blood glucose.

What is a risk of using EPO?

Increased risk of clotting.

What do beta adrenergic agonists do?

Increase lean mass and decrease stored fat.

What do beta blockers do?

Reduce anxiety and tremors during performance.

What do essential amino acids do?

Can augment muscle protein synthesis (leucine specifically; directly activates mTOR pathway).

What does arginine do?

Elevate nitric oxide levels, increase muscle blood flow.

What is HMB?

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate; anabolic and lipolytic; need a high volume, high intensity program to see effects.

What are nutritional muscle buffers?

Beta-alanine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate.

What may L-Carnitine do?

May enhance recovery.

What does creatine do?

Rapidly rephosphorylate ADP; increases muscle creatine content 20%.

What do energy drinks do?

Increase resistance training volume; not as responsive in other anaerobic exsc (wingate, speed/agility performance).

When is ephedrine effective?

Only effective when taken in combo with caffeine.

What does citrus aurantium do?

Appetite suppression, increased metabolic rate, w/ caffeine = increased time to failure

What is considered to be optimal for caffiene

3-9 mg/kg bw ~60 min before or during prolonged exercise is ergogenic for caffeine