Extra flash cards

What is Regional Economic Integration?

A process whereby smaller political units are integrated into larger ones regionally or internationally to create a single market, promote multilateral economic cooperation, and act with a single voice internationally.
(Source: Presentation 12.pptx2, Page 2)

Name the four stages of European Union (EU) integration.

1) European Coal and Steel Community (1951)
2) European Economic Community (1965)
3) European Community (1992, Maastricht Treaty)
4) European Union (2007, Lisbon Treaty)
(Source: Presentation 12.pptx2, Page 3)

What are the main functions of the European Commission?

The main organ for proposing legislation; its president is chosen by the Council of Ministers.

What is NAFTA and how does it differ from the EU?

NAFTA is a free trade agreement between the US, Canada, and Mexico aimed at eliminating trade barriers but lacks political union or full economic integration like the EU.

What is the difference between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)?

FDI involves controlling ownership in a business in another country; FPI involves investing in a country's financial markets without control.

What is the primary purpose of the United Nations Security Council?

To maintain international peace and security; it can impose sanctions or authorize force.

Define Collective Goods in international relations.

Outcomes of activities by states that belong to all states as public goods; they are indivisible and non-excludable.

What is the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)?

The international community's duty to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity if the state is unwilling or unable to do so.

What is Interdependence in international relations?

A system of interdependent relationships linking states and non-state actors, creating incentives for peaceful relations.

What is the Absolute Advantage Theory?

States trade because some can produce certain goods more efficiently than others, allowing specialization and trade to increase overall efficiency.

What are the main techniques of Protectionism?

Tariffs, non-tariff barriers (quotas), decrease subsidies, boycotts, embargo, and economic nationalism.

What is the difference between jus ad bellum and jus in bello in the Laws of War?

Jus ad bellum governs the right to go to war; jus in bello governs conduct during war.

What are the three key principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL)?

1) Principle of Discrimination (protect civilians)
2) Principle of Proportionality (military effect proportional to military action)
3) Double effect (violations become war crimes)

Why do states comply with international law?

Due to self-interest, consent and obligation, enforcement by the UN Security Council, fear of disorder, and reciprocity.