HOSA- Dental Terminology 4

electronic pulp tester

A battery operated tool that creates an electrical stimulus to the tooth indicating if the pulp is vital or nonvital

endodontic handpiece

An attachment to a low speed hand piece that supplies quarter turn motion constantly and evenly

exudate

pus

files

Endodontic instruments used to enlarge and smooth the canal

fistula

A tube like passage from and abscess to the external surface; used to drain the abscess

glick \#1

Endodontic instrument used to remove excess gutta percha

heating unit

Provides heat for vitality testing warming the gutta percha for obturation and providing heat

intracanal instruments

Made of stainless steel and nickel titanium alloy wire. They are flexible fracture resistant, smooth, able to maintain sharp cutting edges and corrosion resistant

irreversible pulpitis

Inflammation of the pulpal tissue to the point where it cannot recover; includes root canal or extraction

k type files

Standard files used to scrape and widen the walls of the canal and to remove necrotic tissue

master cone

The primary cone normally gutta percha used in a root canal

nonvital pulp

The pulp of the tooth that does not respond to sensory stimuli

osteomyelitis

Advanced stage of periapical infection that spreads into and through the bone

percussion

Examination of a tooth by tapping the occlusal or incisal surface with fingers or instruments

pluggers

Used in amalgam fillings and root canal fillings to pack amalgam into the tooth

pulpal necrosis

Death of pulpal cells; often results from irreversible pulpitis

reamers

Endodontic instruments with a tapered metal shaft used to clean and enlarge a root canal

retrograde filling

Filling material placed in the apex of a tooth during and apicoectomy

reversible pulpitis

Inflammation of the pulp caused by an irritant; when irritant is removed the pulp heals

root amputation

Surgical procedure to remove one or more roots of a multi-rooted tooth

root canal sealer

Cement used with gutta percha to seal the pulp canal

rubber stops

Pieces of rubber placed on files and reamers to mark the length of the root canal

selective anesthesia

One area of a patient's mouth that is selected for an injection to identify which tooth or arch is problematic

sodium hypochlorite

The most common bio-mechanical cleaner; also known as household bleach

spreaders

Endodontic instrument used when sealing the root canal

transillumination test

Reflection of fiberoptic light through the crown of a tooth to indicate vertical fractures

ultrasonic unit

Designed for troughing "making a groove or channel" around a post and opening calcified canal; breaking away cement or calculus

vital pulp

Term used to describe healthy pulp

vitality scanner

An electronic pulp testing unit that measures whether a tooth is vital or non vital

retrograde restoration

Small restoration placed at the apex of a root

Hedstrom File

-hand instrument

-used for enlargement of canal, has spiral which cut only on pull stroke, make dentinal

walls smooth and easier to fill

abscess

a localized accumulation of pus in a cavity formed by tissue disintegration.

obturation

process of filling a root canal

perforation

Making a hole, as in breaking through and extending beyond the apex of the root

percussion

Examination technique that involves tapping on the incisal or occlusal surface of a tooth to assess vitality

apicoectomy

excision of the apical portion of the tooth root

canal

pulp chamber of a root

creosote

antiseptic

electrode

tip of a vitalometer

electrolyte

substance in which solutions are capable of transmitting electrical current

endodontics

specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of dental pulp

extirpation

complete removal of pulp tissue

granuloma

tumor like mass or nodule

lentulo spiral

flexible needle like instrument capable of being inserted into a hole

percussion

the act of striking the tooth to determine thickness

pulpectomy

removal of the dental pulp from a tooth

pulpotomy

the partial removal of dental pulp

vitality testing

tests performed to determine pulp vitality

vitalometer

electrical device used to determine pulp vitality

cap

used on anterior teeth

abutment

a tooth or implant that supports a dental prosthesis

alginate

impression material

bridge

a fixed appliance that replaces one or more teeth

coping

thin metal covering over a tooth

counter model

opposing arch model

artificial crown

a restoration that covers the entire anatomy of the tooth

dowel

artificial crown held in position by post or pin

temporary

artificial crown not meant to be used permanently

custom tray

an individual tray for final impressions

denture

a substitute for missing teeth

die

a replica of a tooth

final impression

the last, most exact impression

impression

imprint of the teeth and tissues

immediate denture

appliance that is placed at the time of surgery

caries

dental decay

PFM

Porcelain fused to metal crown - restoration with metal coping (for strength) covered by porcelain (for appearance)

Porcelain

shells, veneer covers, or facing fused to the surface of a metal crown to give the appearance of natural tooth surface; often abbreviated PFM (porcelain fused to metal)

composite

resin material used for tooth-colored replacement

acrylic

synthetic resin material used in fabrication of appliance parts, as coverings for the metal frameworks, or as natural tissue replacement

ceramic

a hard brittle material produced from non-metallic substances fired at high temperatures; supplied in block shape for milling into crown & tooth forms

titanium

corrosion-resistant, lightweight, strong bio-compatible metal used in dental implants & posts

choice

depends on the characteristics of that material relevant to prostheses construction

fixed prosthodontics

various fixed prosthodontic appliances are used in mouth restoration, from the singular crown to a full arched bridge

inlay

a solid casted or milled restoration involving some occlusal & proximal surfaces that is cemented into tooth preparation

onlay

a solid casted or milled restoration that covers some occlusal tooth cusp & side wall area that is cemented onto the prepared site

crown

a fabricated, tooth-shape cover replacement for a missing crown area that is cemented onto the remaining prepared crown surfaces

full crown

cast metal, tooth-shaped cover that replaces the entire crown area. acrylic resin crowns may b used as a temporary crown cover during treatment

jacket crown

thin, performed, metal shield used to cover a large area of anterior crowns;can b gold or metal covered with porcelain material to resemble tooth enamel

Dowel crown

Full crown cover art Dowel pin extending into the root canal of a pulpless tooth, usually positioned in anterior teeth

Three-quarter crown

Similar to full crown, covering all the crown except the facial surface if the tooth that remains intact, to present an esthetic, natural appearance

Porcelain-fused-to-gold (PFM)

Crown that has a complete capping of metal base with fused porcelain to metal, giving tooth contour, shape, & cover

direct veneer

Is placed & cured directly on the tooth surface to build up the area or replace missing tooth structure

Indirect veneer

Tooth material is prepared in the lab & later cemented onto the tooth structure

Bridge

is a prosthesis used to replace one or more teeth

Fixed bridge

cemented into the oral cavity & not removed by the patient; the number of teeth involved in the appliance determines the number if units

Maryland bridge

replaces anterior or posterior tooth and us cemented directly to the adjacent or abutting teeth; also called resin-bonded bridge

cantilever bridge

bridge with unsupported end, usually saddled

1st part of a bridge (pontic)

artificial tooth part of the bridge that replaces the missing tooth and restores function to the bite

2nd part of a bridge (abutment)

natural tooth or teeth that are prepared to hold or support the retaining part of the bridgework in position

3rd part of a bridge ( adjacent)

teeth: may b included in units if they involved in the bridge area

Complete denture

Full denture designed to replace the entire dentition of an upper or lower arch

partial denture

Removable appliance, usually composed of framework, artificial teeth, and acrylic material; replaces one or more teeth in an arch

immediate denture

denture prosthesis that is placed into the mouth at the time the natural teeth are surgically removed

overdenture

prosthetic denture that is prepared to fit and b secured upon implant posts or prepared retained roots

framework

metal skeleton or spine onto which a removable prosthesis is constructed

saddle

The part of the removable prosthesis that strides or straddles the gingival crest; used to balance the prosthesis, and serves as a base for placement of artificial teeth

rests

Small extensions of removable prosthesis made to fit or sit atop the adjoining teeth; provide balance and stability for the partial denture appliance. Rests are named for the area that is in contact with the tooth surface—occlusal, lingual, incisal, etc.

Clasp

extension of partial framework that grasps the adjoining teeth to provide support and retention of the prosthesis