Chapter 21 Unit 3 Final Pathophysiology

type I alveolar cell

epithelial structure cells

type II alveolar cells

produce surfactant that lowers surface tension and facilitates gas exchange

inhalation

diaphragm and external intercostals, diaphragm contracts and lung volume increases

exhalation

diaphragm rises, ribs fall, lung volume decreases, passive

airway resistance

relationship between pressure and flow

lung compliance

lung expandability and ease of lung inflation

disruption of ventilation

alveoli at top of lungs larger than at bottom, ventilation greatest at bottom

neutral control for respiration

pons and medulla

hypoventilation

air delivered to alveoli is insufficient to provide O2 and remove CO2

hyperventilation

increase of air entering alveoli leads to low CO2

obstruction

resistance to expiration

restriction

resistance to inhalation