sac 1

Summary offences

Minor criminal offences heard in the Magistrates’ Court, contained in the Summary Offences Act 1996 (Vic), such as disorderly conduct and minor assault.

Indictable offences

Serious criminal offences found in the Crimes Act, heard by a judge and jury in the County or Supreme Court of Victoria, such as homicide and drug trafficking.

Burden of proof

Refers to the party responsible for proving the facts of the case, which lies with the prosecution in a criminal case.

Standard of proof

The degree to which a case must be proven in a criminal trial, requiring proof beyond reasonable doubt.

Presumption of innocence

The principle that a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.

Right to silence

The right of an accused person to refuse to answer questions or give evidence during a criminal trial.

Right to be tried without unreasonable delay

The entitlement of an accused to have their case heard in a timely manner without unreasonable delays.

Victims’ Charter Act 2006 (Vic)

Legislation that recognizes and guarantees rights for victims of crime in Victoria.

Plea negotiations

Pre-trial discussions between prosecution and the accused aimed at resolving a case by agreeing on an outcome.

Fairness in justice

Ensures that all individuals can participate and that processes are impartial and open.

Court hierarchy

A system that allows for specialization and appeals, with different courts having different jurisdictions.

Legal Aid

A government agency that provides free legal information and representation to individuals unable to afford a lawyer.

Community Legal Centres (CLCs)

Independent organizations that provide free legal services and advice, focusing on vulnerable groups.

Original jurisdiction

The ability of a court to hear a case for the first time.

Appellate jurisdiction

The power of a court to hear a case on appeal.