Chapter 1 Intro To Matter Sections 1,2,&3

EQ: What properties help you sort matter?

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Section 1

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Matter: The stuff that makes up everything in the universe

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Properties of Matter

• Color
• Hardness
• Texture
• Shape
• Temperature
• Flammability
• ^Help to identify substance
• Chemistry: the study of properties of matter and how matter changes

Kinds of Matter “type”

• Elements
• Compounds
• Mixtures

Elements

• All matter is made from about 100 substances called elements
• Called the building blocks of matter
• Matter is composed of all elements
• Each element is made of tiny particles called atoms
• Ex. carbon (Co) aluminum (AI), copper (Cu), Iron (Fe)

Compounds

• In nature most elements are found combined with other elements
• Compound: substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio
• Each compound is represented by a symbol
• A formula shows the ratio of elements in a compound
• Ex. Sea shells (calcium carbonate) Water (H20)

Mixtures

• Most matter you find in the environment occurs as mixtures
• A mixture is made of two or more substances, elements, compounds, or both that are combined in the same place but are not chemically combined into a new substance
• Ex. sand on beach, trail mix

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Changes in Matter

Physical Change:

• Physical changes - a change that does not make the material into another substance
• Ex. Chopping wood, making lemonade, freezing water
• Matter has three states - solids liquids and gasses
• Same word in a different font

Chemical Change:

• Chemical change (chemical reaction) - a change in matter that produces new substances
• Atoms are rearranged in new combinations even though it has same elements as original substance
• Ex. rusting iron, burning of gasoline, fireworks
• Physical changes and chemical changes are the two basic ways that matter can change
• Rearranging the letters of a word into new words
• Cannot take elements out of new thing after changes

Section 1 Review

1. Several properties of matter that help you identify an unknown substance - flammability, color, texture, hardness, shape, temperature
2. ____ substances are building blocks of matter - atoms (Elements)
3. Explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change - Physical is same substances while chemical makes new substances
4. How does chemical formula differ from a symbol - chemical formula is made of multiple elements and a symbol is just one element

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Section 2

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Weight or Mass

• Weight - a measurement of of the force of gravity on you
• Mass - the measurement of how much matter it contains
• An object's weight changes if you move it away from the earth to the moon or to other planets but its mass will stay the same

Units of Mass

• To measure the properties of matter scientists use a system of units called the International System of Units (SI)
• SI uses kilograms grams and other metric units
• Length - meter, millimeter, kilometer
• Mass - gram, kilogram, milligram
• Volume - liter, milliliter, centimeter, cubed
• Temperature - celsius
• Density - g/cm^2 or g/ml
• Mass - how much atoms something has in it, weight - the force of gravity acting upon something, changes based

Volume

• Volume:is the amount of space that matter occupies

• Length x width x height

• Irregular object - water displacement method

• Put in water, how much did water change

Density

• Different substances may have the same mass but they don't necessarily fill the same volume
• The measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume
• To calculate density divide its mass by the volume
• A unit of density is always a unit of mass such as grams, divided by a unit of volume, such as cubic centimeters
• All samples of a substance have the same for all samples of that substance
• g/cm^3
• Liquids - g/ml

Section 2 Review

1. Mass is the amount of matter someone or thing has while weight is the force gravity has on you.
2. Mass and volume are required to calculate density
3. Water displacement
4. No, in the density formula it does not have the same as the aluminum

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Section 3

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Dalton’s Ideas About Atoms

• Dalton proposed an atomic theory

• Based on evidence dalton found he inferred that atoms had certain characteristics

• Atoms cant be broken down into smaller pieces, dalton imagined atoms to be like tiny marbles, or rigid spheres that are impossible to break

• In any elements all the atoms are exactly alike (this idea explains why an element always has the same properties

• Atoms of different elements are different

• Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form compounds

• Atoms of each element have a unique mass

• The masses of the elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio

• Daltons ideas form the basis of our understanding of atoms

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