psych 3309 test 3

physical sound

disturbance of the sound waves

• open to public inspection

experienced sound

depends on the presence of the observer

primary qualities

object has those properties whether someone is looking at the object or not

• ex. shape

secondary qualities

experiences the object produces in us

philosophy of mind

consciousness

• one of the opinions closely connected to findings in psych

cognitive science

elements of psych, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics and anthropology

• interdisciplinary

dualism

two principles

• two things seem diff, two diff things

interactionism

mind and brain casually interact, affect each other

behaviourism

philosophical behaviourism

• mental states are real, roundabout ways of talking about behaviour

mind-brain identity theory

mental states are brain states

• ex. pain

functionalism

mental states are defined in what they do, their role

• pain = various effects such as desire and belief

intentional stance

different way of approaching a system

• accurate predictions with small/less evidence or info

consciousness

subjective experience inside and outside ourselves

easy problems

functioning and behaviour

• solvable by standard methods of science

hard problem

why and how brat. produces subjective experiences

• pain of a burn

panpsychism

everything is conscious

incorrigibility

if you know you’re in a mental state, you are in one

substance dualism

mind and brain are two diff kind of things

properties

things like hairs, how long are the fingers

• peoples attitudes towards the ___ doesn’t change it

attributes

what it means to be that things

-objects have properties, some not essential to its being

Leibniz’s law

if two things are the same, they must share the same properties

• morning star and evening star

Elizabeth of Bohemia

how can something immaterial affect something material

casual closure of the physical

everything physical has a physical sufficient cause

determinism

everything happens is predetermined by prior states

probabilistic laws

set by laws of nature and can predict behaviours

brain damage argument against dualism

physical changes that change our mental states

• mental states fundamentally reliant on physical brain structures

parallelism

psychological

• body and mind states happen at same time but do not affect each other

occasionalism

events caused by “God”

• predictions you can make what happens next

• occasions God can insert himself

David Hume’s view of causation

doesn’t think god exists

• never observe causation

materialism

matter is the only thing that exists

• mind doesn’t exist, not a separate magical thing

idealism

mind exists

• matter doesn’t exist

epiphenomenalism

no adaptive function

• mental state produced by material states, do not affect physical states

psychological behaviourism

objective observable behaviours

philosophical behaviourism

mental states are behaviour

• way of defining mental states

verificationism

only know things through direct observation

• same thing as positivism

problem of other minds

you cant know if anyone else has minds

inverted spectrum

possibility that other people have diff experience of the same colour

philosophical zombies

behaviourally the same as conscious person, but lack inner experience

meaning is use

how words are used

family resemblance

most terms resemble each other

necessary and sufficient conditions

n - something an object has to have to be in category x

s - having ____ feature to be in category x

beetle in the box

box that has a beetle but cannot see anyone else's

• some may not have a beetle

climbing the ladder and kicking it away

climb and get to where you’d like, then kick the ladder away after

category mistake

separate thing is the mind

• things you cant point at

behavioural dispositions

act, think or feel certain ways across various situations

paraphrasing mentalistic terms

you can get rid of believe and have a list of behavioural dispositions instead

Evidential grounds for ascribing mental states

outward behaviour as symptomatic evidence that inner mental state exists

• smiling = evidence for being happy

Criterial grounds for ascribing mental states

outward behaviour (smiling or pain), behaviour is the state

defensibility conditions

overruled by further criteria

intrinsic

property in itself

extrinsic

property within relationship

ontic structural realism

speak of mental states is patterns of behaviours

ordinary language terms

terms given in a language

• meaning is use

technical terms

terms we make up

• science = invents terms and precise definitions

conceptual confusion in psych

lack of clear differentiation btwn theoretical framework

• ordinary and technical terms

mereological fallacy

relationship btwn parts and whole

personal vs sub-personal distinction

p. - I as the agent

sub - mini beliefs

homuncular functionalism

things that watch us

• sub systems dont have all the powers of the whole

infinite regress

infinite system where statement or cause leads to endless chain w no foundation or starting point

conceptual engineering

some terms more useful than others

core theory

makes predictions about what happens

predicates

words

James lange theory of emotion

emotions caused by bodily functions