Chemistry Study Guide: Stoichiometry Concepts

Anion

Negatively charged ion in a compound.

Cation

Positively charged ion in a compound.

Single Replacement Reaction

One ion replaces another in a compound.

Double Replacement Reaction

Cations and anions exchange between compounds.

Combustion Reaction

Reaction with oxygen producing CO2 and H2O.

Synthesis Reaction

Two or more substances combine to form one.

Decomposition Reaction

Complex molecules break down into simpler ones.

Limiting Reactant

Reactant that determines the amount of product formed.

Excess Reactant

Reactant that remains after the reaction completes.

Precipitate

Insoluble solid formed from a liquid mixture.

Theoretical Yield

Maximum amount of product from complete reaction.

Percent Yield

Efficiency of reaction compared to theoretical yield.

Dimensional Analysis

Method to convert units using conversion factors.

Molar Mass

Mass of one mole of a substance in g.

Chemical Formula

Representation of a compound's elements and ratios.

Balanced Equation

Chemical equation with equal numbers of each atom.

Stoichiometry

Relationship between reactants and products in reactions.

Mole

Unit representing 6.022 x 10^23 particles.

Grams

Unit of mass in the metric system.

Significant Figures

Digits in a number that carry meaning.

Percent Error

Difference between experimental and theoretical values.