Lab Practical Final

A

A

glomerular capsule 

B

podocytes 

C

glomerulus

D

proximal convoluted tubule  

E

filtration slits

A

distal convoluted tubule 

B

macula densa

C

juxtaglomerular cells

D

afferent arteriole

E

efferent arteriole

A

renal corpuscle

B

proximal convoluted tubule

C

descending limb of nephron loop

D

ascending limb of nephron loop

E

renal papilla

F

distal convoluted tubule 

G

collecting duct

A

interlobar artery

B

left segmental artery

C

left renal artery

D

peritubular 

E

interlobular artery

F

arcuate artery

G

vasa recta

A

peritubular 

B

interlobular vein

C

arcuate vein

D

interlobar vein

E

left renal vein

F

renal pelvis

G

ureter

H

major calyx

I

minor calyx

A

renal cortex

B

renal medulla

C

renal column

D

renal pelvis

E

fibrous capsule

F

renal pyramid

G

hilum

A

left kidney

B

ureter

C

renal artery

D

renal vein

E

urinary bladder

A

ureter

B

ureteral openings

C

trigone

D

neck of urinary bladder

E

detrusor muscle

F

mucosal folds

A

urinary bladder

B

urethra

C

external urethral orifice

A

prostatic urethra

B

membranous urethra

C

spongy urethra

D

external urethral orifice

E

urinary bladder

Consider patient A. What is the primary acid-base imbalance present?

Normal values:

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Pco2: 35 -45 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22 – 26 mEq/L

 

Patient A results:

pH: 7.31

Pco2: 40 mm Hg

HCO3-: 19 mEq/L

Metabolic Acidosis

Consider patient B. What is the primary acid-base imbalance present?

Normal values:

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Pco2: 35 -45 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22 – 26 mEq

Patient B results:

pH: 7.35

Pco2: 34 mm Hg

HCO3-: 19 mEq/L

 

Metabolic Acidosis

Consider patient C's initial results. What is the primary acid-base imbalance present?

Normal values:

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Pco2: 35 -45 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22 – 26 mEq/L

Patient C Initial results:

pH: 7.49

Pco2: 32 mm Hg

Hco3-: 23.6 mEq/L

Respiratory Alkalosis

Consider patient C's later results. What is the primary acid-base imbalance present?

Normal values:

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Pco2: 35 -45 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22 – 26 mEq/L

Patient C 24h later results

pH: 7.42

Pco2: 32 mm Hg

Hco3-: 20 mEq/L

Respiratory Alkalosis

Consider patient D's results. What is the primary acid-base imbalance present?

Normal values:

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Pco2: 35 -45 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22 – 26 mEq/L

Patient D:

pH: 7.29

Pco2: 40 mm Hg

Hco3-: 18.6 mEq/L

 

Metabolic Acidosis

Consider patient E's results. What is the primary acid-base imbalance present?

Normal values:

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Pco2: 35 -45 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22 – 26 mEq/L

Patient E

pH: 7.29

Pco2: 48 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22.5 mEq/L

Respiratory Acidosis

Consider patient F's results. What is the primary acid-base imbalance present?

Normal values:

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Pco2: 35 -45 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22 – 26 mEq/L

Patient F

pH: 7.49

Pco2: 40 mm Hg

Hco3-: 29.5 mEq/L

Metabolic Alkalosis

Consider patient G's results. What is the primary acid-base imbalance present?

Normal values:

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Pco2: 35 -45 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22 – 26 mEq/L

Patient G

pH: 7.29

Pco2: 48 mm Hg

Hco3-: 22.5 mEq/L

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Parotid salivary gland

B

hard palate

C

tongue

D

sublingual salivary gland

E

submandibular salivary gland

F

soft palate

A

central incisor

B

canine

C

molar

D

premolars

E

uvula

F

lingual frenulum

A

enamel

B

pulp

C

dentin

D

gingiva

E

crown

F

root

A

hard palate

B

soft palate

C

oropharynx

D

laryngopharynx

E

esophagus

F

oral cavity

A

esophagus

B

inferior esophageal sphincter

C

pyloric sphincter

D

pylorus 

E

fundus 

F

cardia 

G

body 

H

lesser curvature

I

greater curvature