Participles

present and perfect passive

What are participles?

an extra verb form within a sentence

How are present participles translated as?

verb-ing

How do present participles work?

they work like adjectives that describe nouns, eg: the laughing dog

(present participle ending) nominative, masc/fem, singular

-ns

(present participle ending) accusative, masc/fem, singular

-ntem

(present participle ending) genitive, masc/fem, singular

-ntis

(present participle ending) dative, masc/fem, singular

-nti

(present participle ending) nominative, masc/fem, plural

-ntes

(present participle ending) accusative, masc/fem, plural

-ntes

(present participle ending) genitive, masc/fem, plural

-ntium

(present participle ending) dative, masc/fem, plural

-ntibus

(present participle ending) nominative, neut, singular

-ns

(present participle ending) accusative, neut, singular

-ns

(present participle ending) genitive, neut, singular

-ntis

(present participle ending) dative, neut, singular

-nti

(present participle ending) nominative, neut, plural

-ntia

(present participle ending) accusative, neut, plural

-ntia

(present participle ending) genitive, neut, plural

-ntium

(present participle ending) dative, neut, plural

-ntibus

What is a PPP?

present passive participles

How are perfect passive participles usually translated as?

having been ‘ed’

How do PPP’s work?

like adjectives, agreeing with the noun they describe in case, gender and number