Studied by 5 peopleUnilineal
________- based on descent through a single descent line, either males or females.
Teknonymy
________- a system of naming parents by the names of their children.
Polygyny
________- when a man is simultaneously married to more than one woman.
Lewis Henry Morgan
________ (1871) identified six basic kinship terminology patterns.
sex unions
As same- ________ gain widespread acceptance, polygamy is decreasing in many parts of the world.
Melanesia
In Africa and ________ having more than one wife indicates an important man with greater wealth, higher social status, or more importance in the community.
Dowry
________- a large sum of money or in- kind gifts given to a daughter to ensure her well- being in her husbands family.
Incest taboo
________- the prohibition on sexual relations between close family members.
Culture
________ and personality movement- a school of thought in early and mid- twentieth- century American anthropology that studied how patterns of childrearing, social institutions, and cultural ideologies shaped individual experience, personality characteristics, and thought patterns.
Trobriand Islanders
In matrilineal societies (such as the ________) everyone is a member of his or her mothers clan, and a persons strongest identity is with relatives in the mothers clan and lineage.
Polyandry
________- when a woman has two or more husbands at one time.
Asia
Polygamy: any form of plural marriage; previously far more common in Africa, ________, the Americas, and the Pacific than they are today.
Kinship
________- the social system that organizes people in families based on descent and marriage.
Lineage
________- a group composed of relatives who are directly descended from known ancestors.
Genealogical amnesia
________- the structral process of forgetting whole groups of relatives, usually because they are not currently significant in social life.
India
The practice of dowry has been illegal in ________ since 1961, but these laws are not observed in many parts of the country.
Margaret Mead
In the culture and personality movement, anthropologist ________ examined childrearing practices cross- culturally.
Reproductive technologies
________ have become a normal part of life in industrialized norms.
inheritance rules
Families also control wealth, property, and power through ________.
International adoption
________ has posed political and cultural implications between countries and has raised important questions for adoptees about their cultural identities.
ethnic backgrounds
In the case of arranged marriages, parents may select partners from specific socioeconomic, religious, educational, or ________.
Matrilineal
________- reckoning descent through women, who are descended from an ancestral woman.
Clan
________: a group of relatives who claim to be descended from a single ancestor.
Patrilineal
________: reckoning descent through males from the same ancestors.
Rules of inheritance
________ create an orderly process and serve to keep wealth and property in the family.
Bridewealth
________ may take many forms, including wild game in Amazon communities, pigs and shell valuables in New Guinea societies, or a young mans work as "bride service "for his wifes family for a set period of time.
Compensation
________ for this loss is called bride price: exchange of gifts or money to ________ another clan or family for the loss of one of its women along with her productive and reproductive abilities in marriage.
Marriage
________ creates formally recognized ties between the ________ partners and their respective families, and any children resulting from the union are considered "legitimate ..
Bride price
________- gifts or money given by the grooms clan or family to compensate the brides clan or family for the loss of one of its women along with her productive and reproductive abilities.
Nonindustrial societies
________, even those without legal codes, also have inheritance rules.
Kroebers research
________ on kinship terminologies has been highly influential for two reasons: (i) thousands of terminologies can be condensed into a few basic systems of organizing people, and (ii) kinship terms are more than labels or descriptors; they indicate the specific nature of relationships, rights, and responsibilities that exist between kin.
Kinship
________ chart- a visual representation of family relationships.
Polygyny
________: when a man is simultaneously married to more than one woman.
Lineage
________: a group composed of relatives who are directly descended from known ancestors (usually a known human ancestor)
Unilineal
________: based on descent through a single line, either males or females.
Clan
________- a group of relatives who claim to be descended from a single ancestor.
Matrilineal
________: reckoning descent through women, who are descended from an ancestral woman.
Inheritance rules
________ have been codified as law in Western countries for centuries.
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Families fulfill similar functions in most societies
comfort and belonging for members, a sense of identity, shared values and ideals, economic cooperation, and nurturance of children
Although these functions are common, the patterns of achieving them are constructed in culturally specific and dynamic systems of kinship
the social system that organizes people in families based on descent and marriage
Many assume the model presented in 1950s sitcoms like The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and Leave It to Beaver
working father, stay-at-home mother, and dependent children
Still, the United States and many other nations in the world, view the nuclear family as an ideal form
the family formed by a married couple and their children
But many other forms exist, and this makes kinship charts particularly helpful to anthropologists
visual representations of family relationships (see Figure 13.2)
In economics, as well as other aspects of life, families function as corporate groups
groups of real people who work together toward common ends much like a corporation does
We call these extended families
larger groups of relatives beyond the nuclear family, often living in the same household
Clan
a group of relatives who claim to be descended from a single ancestor
Lineage
a group composed of relatives who are directly descended from known ancestors (usually a known human ancestor)
Clans are most often exogamous
a social pattern in which members of a clan must marry someone from another clan, which has the effect of building political, economic, and social ties with other clans
Unilineal
based on descent through a single line, either males or females
Patrilineal
reckoning descent through males from the same ancestors
Matrilineal
reckoning descent through women, who are descended from an ancestral woman
In addition to clans and lineages, anthropologists have documented cognatic (or bilateral) clans
reckoning descent through either men or women from some ancestor
Kroebers research on kinship terminologies has been highly influential for two reasons
(i) thousands of terminologies can be condensed into a few basic systems of organizing people, and (ii) kinship terms are more than labels or descriptors; they indicate the specific nature of relationships, rights, and responsibilities that exist between kin
This is called genealogical amnesia
structural process of forgetting whole groups of relatives, usually because they are not currently significant in a persons active social life
See "Thinking Like an Anthropologist
Genealogical Amnesia in Bali, Indonesia, and the United States"
Compensation for this loss is called bride price
exchange of gifts or money to compensate another clan or family for the loss of one of its women along with her productive and reproductive abilities in marriage
Another form of marriage payment, common in India, is dowry
a large sum of money or in-kind gifts given to a daughter to insure her well-being in her husbands family
Polygamy
any form of plural marriage; previously far more common in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific than they are today
Polygyny
when a man is simultaneously married to more than one woman
Polyandry
when a woman has two or more husbands at one time-significantly rarer than polygyny
These are referred to as incest taboos
the prohibition on sexual relations between close family members
Bride price
gifts or money given by the grooms clan or family to compensate the brides clan or family for the loss of one of its women along with her productive and reproductive abilities
Clan
a group of relatives who claim to be descended from a single ancestor
Cognatic
reckoning descent through either men or women from some ancestor
Corporate groups
groups of people who work together toward common ends, much as a corporation does
Culture and personality movement
a school of thought in early and mid-twentieth-century American anthropology that studied how patterns of childrearing, social institutions, and cultural ideologies shaped individual experience, personality characteristics, and thought patterns
Dowry
a large sum of money or in-kind gifts given to a daughter to ensure her well-being in her husbands family
Exogamous
a social pattern in which members of a clan must marry someone from another clan, which has the effect of building political, economic, and social ties with other clans
Extended families
larger groups of relatives beyond the nuclear family, often living in the same household
Genealogical amnesia
the structral process of forgetting whole groups of relatives, usually because they are not currently significant in social life
Incest taboo
the prohibition on sexual relations between close family members
Kinship
the social system that organizes people in families based on descent and marriage
Kinship chart
a visual representation of family relationships
Lineage
a group composed of relatives who are directly descended from known ancestors
Matrilineal
reckoning descent through women, who are descended from an ancestral woman
Natal family
the family into which a person is born and in which she or he is (usually) raised
Nuclear family
the family formed by a married couple and their children
Patrilineal
reckoning descent through males from the same ancestors
Polyandry
when a woman has two or more husbands at one time
Polygamy
any form of plural marriage
Polygyny
when a man is simultaneously married to more than one woman
Teknonymy
a system of naming parents by the names of their children
Unilineal
based on descent through a single descent line, either males or females
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