APHUG 1.1-1.3

Day 1 Sinn Review

Types of Distortion

Direction, Shape, Area, Distance

Interrupted Map

A map that tries to remove distortion by removing parts of the Globe

Uninterrupted Map

A map that displays the entirety of the earth's surface

Mercator Projection

Mercator Map

A conformal projection that shows true direction between places but distorts the shape,location,and size of land masses. Originally used for maritime travel

• Focuses on longitude and latitude

• Right Angles

• Major Distortion at poles

Mercator Projection Distortion

Size and Shape

Goode Homolosine Projection

Goode Homolosine Projection

An equal-area pseudocylindrical projection that excels at maintaining accurate land mass size.This projection minimizes distortion across the map because it is an interrupted map. However, it is hard to accurately view the entire world with this projection.

• Oval

• Maintain size and shape

Goode Homolosine Projection Distortion

Distance and edges

Robinson Projection

Robinson Projection

A projection with more distortion near the poles, which helps preserve the size and shape of landmasses. This projection spreads distortion evenly out across shape, size, and direction, making it less noticeable

• Uninterrupted

• Straight at poles and rounder at equator

Robinson Projection Distortion

All S.S.A.D equally distorted

Most notably at poles

Gall- Peters Projection

Gall- Peters Projection

A projection that excels at showing the true size of the Earth’s landmasses. However, this projection significantly distorts the shape of the landmasses and also direction

Gall- Peters Projection Distortion

Shape and Direction.

Absolute Direction

The exact direction you are heading

Absolute Distance

The exact distance between two places

• Usually measured in miles or kilometers

Relative Direction

The direction depends on the surrounding area

Relative Distance

An approximate measurement between two places

• Usually measured in time and direction

Reference Map

An informational map that shows boundaries, names, places, and geographic features of an area

Topographic Map

A map that uses contour lines to display terrain and elevation changes

Thematic Map

A map that displayed spatial patterns and uses qualitative data to display specific topics

Choropleth Map

Choropleth Map

Display data using different colors and great to use for quantity and density

Choropleth Negatives

• Use generalizations

• Scale impacts data

Dot Density Map

Dot Density Maps

• Show data using points where data is occurring, shows spatial distribution

Dot Density Negatives

Hard to read with clusters

Graduated Symbol

Graduated Symbol

Use shapes or symbols to show location and amount of data

Graduated Symbol Negatives

Can become confusing due to overlapping information

Isoline Map

Isoline Map

Use lines to connect areas with similar or equal amounts of information

Commonly weather maps.

Isoline Map Negatives

Difficult to read

Cartogram

Cartogram

The greatest value is represented by largest area

Clearly show differences

Cartogram Negatives

Can be confusing due to distortion

Flow Line Map

Show movement of goods, people, animals, services, or ideas

Flow Line Map

Geospatial Technologies

A set of tools and/or techniques that are used to process, analyze, manage, visualize, or acquire spatial data

Remote Sensing

A process of collecting information about the Earth's surface from satellites orbiting the earth

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A computer that can collect, analyze, and display geographic data

• Layered Maps

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A network of satellites that are used to determine the location of something on the earth's surface

Field Observations

Firsthand observations from people visiting a place in the real world.

• Sometimes impossible to costs and practicality

Media Reports

Information from the media that reveals what people in an area are experiencing.

Travel Narratives

A collection of an individual’s experiences and observations of a place that shows a more personal perspective on the location

Government Documents

Show what a society values and what components of its culture are the most of its culture are the most important

Show how the land is being used and what systems are in place, what is happening during that time period.

Personal Interviews

Interviews with individuals to collect data on a place and gain insights by listening to a person’s unique perspective on the location.

Landscape Analysis

The process of studying and analyzing the physical and cultural characteristics of a landscape. Show impacts of people and other places.

Photo Analysis

The process of studying and analyzing photographs, images, or other visual representations of a landscape. Analyze to better understand culture, demographics, density, and what is happening

Qualitative Data

Information that is presented in word form is often up for interpretation and debate

• Subject to change based on who, how, and when

Quantitative Data

Information that can be counted and presented in number form

• Not up for debate

Census

Official count of population that collects data about demographics

• gender

• age

• people per home

• pop. density

• Race