UCSP ♡ 1

Social Welfare Programs

• Government initiatives

• designed to reduce inequality and support disadvantaged individuals

• through services like education and healthcare

Climate Change

• global issue that affects social and economic structures

• often exacerbating inequalities

Fake News

• spread of false or misleading information

• can influence public perception and societal issues

Urban Overpopulation

• excessive concentration of people in cities

• leading to housing shortages, traffic congestion, and resource strain

Technological Displacement

• Job loss due to automation and advancements in technology

Global Interconnectedness

• increasing integration of economies, cultures, and societies due to globalization

Digital Divide

• disparity between those who have access to modern technology and digital resources

  • and those who do not

Formal Socialization

• structured process

• in which individuals are taught societal norms and expectations

  • such as in schools and workplaces

Mass Media

• powerful agent of socialization

• shapes an individual’s beliefs, values, and norms through various communication platforms

Religious Socialization

• process of learning religious beliefs, values, and practices within a religious institution or family

Anticipatory Socialization

• preparing for future roles by learning expected behaviors in advance

Acculturation

• process of adopting and adapting to a different culture while still retaining aspects of one's original culture

• interaction and adaptation between different cultures, leading to cultural exchange and influence

Socialization

• continuous process that occurs throughout an individual's life, influencing their adaptation to society

Workplace Socialization

• process by which a person learns and adapts to the culture and expectations of their work environment

Observational Learning

• process of acquiring new behaviors by watching and imitating others

Enculturation

• process of learning and internalizing the traditions, language, and values of one’s native culture

Culture Shock

• feeling of disorientation experienced when encountering a new or unfamiliar culture

Socialization Process

• lifelong learning experience that helps individuals understand societal norms and expectations

Functions of Socialization

• roles socialization plays in shaping individuals,

• including instilling discipline, cooperation, and values

Imitation and Influence

• process of adopting behaviors and trends from peers, celebrities, or social influences

Difference Between Enculturation and Socialization

• Enculturation - learning one’s native culture

• Socialization - learning general societal norms

Hidden Curriculum

• unwritten and informal lessons taught in schools, such as discipline, time management, and social norms

Social Stratification

• ranking of individuals in a society based on factors such as wealth, power, and social status

Technological Inequality

• gap in access to technology and digital resources between different social or economic groups

Caste System

• rigid social class structure where individuals are born into a specific status and mobility is limited

Meritocracy

• system where social status and success are based on personal ability, effort, and achievements

Bourgeoisie

• Marxist theory

• class that owns the means of production and controls wealth in a capitalist society

Intragenerational Mobility

• changes in an individual’s social status throughout their lifetime

Family

• primary agent of socialization that influences an individual's beliefs, behaviors, and values from childhood

Genetics

• biological traits and characteristics inherited from one's parents

• influence physical and sometimes behavioral attributes

Resocialization

• process of unlearning old behaviors and adopting new norms, values, and practices,

• often occurring in new environments

Peers

• Friends and social groups that help reinforce values and behaviors learned from family

Assimilation

• process by which a minority group gradually adopts the culture and customs

  • of the dominant society

Anticipatory Socialization

• process of learning and adopting behaviors or values

• in preparation for a future role or status

Closed System

• social system with little or no opportunity for individuals to move between different social classes

Davis-Moore Thesis

• theory that social stratification benefits society by ensuring important roles are filled by the most capable individuals

Power and Social Class

• influence and control that a social class exerts over resources and decision-making in society

Social Mobility

• ability of individuals to move up or down the social hierarchy

• based on personal effort and achievements

Causes of Social Inequality

• Factors such as

  • globalization and labor market shifts

  • that contribute to disparities in wealth and opportunity

Income Inequality

• unequal distribution of wealth and earnings among individuals or groups within a society