Applications of Genetics and Biotechnology

A collection of flashcards based on the applications of genetics and biotechnology, covering key concepts such as recombinant DNA technology, PCR, gene therapy, and their implications in various fields.

What is the purpose of recombinant DNA technology?

To manipulate genetic material to modify organism traits, eliminate undesirable traits, combine beneficial traits, and create organisms that synthesize necessary products.

What are restriction endonucleases?

Enzymes that cut DNA to create 'blunt cuts' or 'sticky ends,' resulting in restriction fragments.

What is Gel Electrophoresis used for?

To separate DNA fragments based on size and charge, allowing visualization of distinct patterns.

What are the steps of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?

Denaturation, annealing, and extension of DNA to amplify specific sequences.

How does microarray analysis work?

By comparing gene expression patterns between different cell types, such as cancerous and healthy cells.

What is the role of DNA hybridization tests?

To diagnose diseases by using probes that bind to complementary DNA regions.

What are the applications of Southern Blotting?

Used for analyzing evolutionary links, identifying genes, diagnosing diseases, and forensic analysis.

Define Transgenic organism.

An organism that contains recombinant DNA from a different species.

What advantage do genetically engineered pharmaceutical products provide?

They can produce proteins that are identical to human proteins, improving treatment options.

What potential risks are associated with gene therapy?

Ethical issues, regulatory concerns, and the need for oversight in clinical trials.

What is bioremediation in the context of application of rDNA?

Using genetically engineered microorganisms to break down pollutants in the environment.

What is the significance of DNA Fingerprinting?

It generates unique DNA patterns for individual identification used in forensic science.

Explain the concept of Transgenic farming (Pharming).

Producing human proteins through transgenic animals for medical use.

What is the controversy surrounding the use of Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rBST)?

Concerns regarding safety for both cows and humans consuming milk products.

What are some applications of agricultural biotechnology?

Producing transgenic organisms with resistance to herbicides, pests, and diseases.