pt 5

Holocaust

a large-scale destruction, especially by fire; a vast slaughter; a burnt offering

Final Solution

Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people

Ethnic Cleansing

Process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

Balkanization

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

International Criminal Court

A permanent tribunal for war crimes and crimes against humanity

Bosnia

Southern Slavic nation seeking independence; annexation by Austria-Hungary creates war in the Balkans; housed parade that killed Ferdinand

Rwanda

(1995) African nation that experienced genocide against its Tutsi population, carried out by Hutus.

Darfur

a region in western Sudan where ethnic conflict threatened to lead to genocide

Armenians

Christians in the Ottoman Empire, who faced genocide during World War I.

Tutsis & Hutus

the main minority group in Rwanda and Burundi

the group that forms the majority in Rwanda and Burundi

Influenza Pandemic

killed almost 30 million worldwide, spread between military camps and to the urban population, stimulated research for vaccines and antibiotics

Nuremberg Laws

1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood

Janjaweed

Black Arabic-speaking militia responsible for most of the Darfur genocide

Tehran Conference

First major meeting between the Big Three (United States, Britain, Russia) at which they planned the 1944 assault on France and agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation after the war

Yalta Conference

1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister (PM) Winston Churchill, and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war

Potsdam Conference

July 26, 1945 - Allied leaders Truman, Stalin and Churchill met in Germany to set up zones of control and to inform the Japanese that if they refused to surrender at once, they would face total destruction.

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

Hydrogen Bomb

New nuclear weapon even more destructive than the atomic bomb

United Nations

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

Iron Curtain

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region