Purposive Communication - English 101 | Language & Types of Communication (Lecture Notes)

A comprehensive set of practice flashcards covering language components, types of communication, models, ethics, and technology-based communication as presented in the lecture notes.

What are the three components of language as defined in the synthesis?

A system of rules (grammar), a sound system (phonology), and a vocabulary (lexicon).

What is language acquisition?

The process of acquiring the languages used in one's community, leading to mother tongues/first languages.

What are mother tongues commonly referred to as?

First languages.

What are second languages?

Other languages learned for various reasons, typically learned in school or on one's own.

What is language learning?

The process of learning languages other than one's first languages.

What is language contact?

When languages come into contact with one another, often leading to language change.

What is language change?

A natural behavior of all languages that results from language contact and use.

What are the three main types of communication by mode?

Verbal, non-verbal, and visual communication.

What does verbal communication involve?

The use of spoken or written language to convey messages.

What does non-verbal communication involve?

Cues such as body language, facial expressions, gestures, and tone that accompany or replace words.

What does visual communication involve?

The use of visuals—signs, symbols, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, pictographs, photos, drawings, and emojis—to convey messages.

Name some graphics elements that affect visual presentation.

Position, color, size, shape, and orientation.

What are the five types of communication contexts?

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended, organizational, and intercultural.

What is intrapersonal communication?

Communication with oneself (self-talk, inner monologue, inner dialogue).

What is interpersonal communication?

Communication between two or more people, such as in dyads or small groups; may be transactional or relational.

What is extended communication?

Communication that involves electronic media, including television, radio, video conferencing, Skype, and other digital means.

What is organizational communication?

Communication within an organization, focusing on interaction patterns and a system of rules or standards.

What is intercultural communication?

Communication between people from different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, or professional backgrounds.

What are the two main forms of communication by purpose and style?

Formal and informal communication.

What are formal communication examples?

Lectures, public talks, research/proposal reports, and business letters; objectives to inform, entertain, or persuade.

What characterizes informal communication?

Casual conversations with friends/family; can be oral or written; aims to socialize and strengthen relationships.

What is a key takeaway about communication types and interpretation?

Verbal and non-verbal codes should complement each other; visual signs require contextual interpretation.

What is necessary for effective organizational communication?

A system of communication with clear interaction rules to guide message flow.

What are Aristotle's three variables in his model?

Speaker, speech, and audience.

What is Laswell’s five-element model of communication?

Who says What through Which channel to Whom With What effect.

What are the additional components in Shannon-Weaver’s model aside from the core sender and receiver?

Noise and feedback (along with information source, transmitter, channel, destination, decoder, and receiver).

What does Berlo’s SMCRN model stand for?

Source, Message, Channel, Receiver, Noise (added to SMCR to form SMCRN).

What are some major variables in Berlo’s model beyond SMCR?

Source attributes (attitude, mastery, and culture), Message content and structure, Channel (senses), Receiver (decoding), and additional factors like communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, and feedback.

What are the general principles of effective communication?

Know your topic, adjust to context, know your purpose, know your audience, and work on feedback.

What are the 7 Cs of effective written communication?

Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, Courteous.

Why are ethics important in communication?

Morals guide behavior in communication; honesty, decency, truthfulness, sincerity, and integrity shape how information is shared.

What guidelines support ethical communication?

Establish a value system, provide complete/accurate information, and disclose vital information appropriately to ensure transparency.

What is the role of a code of ethics in an organization?

Sets standards to prevent confusion, misunderstandings, and conflicts and helps maintain reputation.

What are the main communication modes discussed besides face-to-face?

Video, audio, and text-based communication.

What is an advantage of face-to-face communication?

Direct delivery with access to visual cues like facial expressions and gestures.

What is the advantage of video communication?

Effective for people separated by distance; highly convenient after face-to-face.

What is text-based communication?

Communication through email, fax, text messaging, and instant messaging, with broad reach but no inherent video/audio.

What are the implications of technology in communication?

Technology facilitates faster, broader reach and new forms of interaction, but requires responsible use and awareness of strengths and weaknesses.