lol

Motives

Trade: demand grew for spices, fabrics, precious metals, and gems

- Religion: Missionaries and religious leaders wanted to spread

Christianity to new places and challenge the rise of Islam.

Conquistadores

explored the world for Spain, Gold and Glory.

-The gold, silver and cash crops made Spain the wealthiest nation in

Europe throughout the 1500’s.

Prince Henry the Navigator

(1394-1460): was one the first cartographers or map makers and explored the coast of Africa.

Vasco da Gama

1460-1524): first to sail around the tip of Africa and

reach India. He discovered enough spices and goods to cover the cost of the trip sixty times over.

Christopher Columbus

(1446-1506): He believed India could be reached by sea from the west.

-He reached the Bahamas other Caribbean islands (West Indies)

believing he had reached the islands of Asia

Imperialism

Forming an Empire by conquering new lands. European

nations soon fought to have the most numerous colonies

Roanoke

Raleigh and his men settled on the island of Roanoke but suffered from native attacks, famine and disease. He went back to England to get more supplies but when he returned the island was abandoned.

Virginia Company of London

a company founded to establish an English trade colony in lands discovered by Raleigh, now called Virginia.

-It was governed by a president who, in1606, was appointed by the King James I.

Jamestown

(May 24, 1607): was the first permanent English colony in

the new world and it was run by the Virginia company of London.

- located on the James River it was easy to defend but the damp air or the river land made disease common.

- Of the initial 105 settlers only 32 survived

The Starving Time

The Starving Time” 1609-1610: A drought reduced the amount of available corn and chief Powhatan declared he would no longer share with the English and he moved their camp. - The colonist population had grown to over 400 but they still focused on looking for gold rather than planting their own crops. - Only 60 colonists survived.

First Anglo-Powhatan War

a fresh shipment of colonist arrived and began a brutal military campaign against the natives.
-the war continued until a peace settlement was made offering
Pocahontas in marriage to colonist John Rolfe

Second Anglo-Powhatan War

the warriors of the Powhatan tribe tried to push out the settlers from their land but were defeated and forced off their lands.

Plymouth Colony

In 1620 Puritans came to the "new world" to be free from the religious constraints of England.

Mayflower Compact

an initial agreement for the people to submit to the will of the majority and make laws in the interest of all.

-Survival: the first winter was brutal and only 44 of the first 102 pilgrims lived.

Quakers/Religious Society of Friends

Pennsylvania: William Penn was given a land grant by King Charles II and he established the land as a home for the "Religious Society of Friends."

-Knowns as "Quakers" because the quaked with religious zeal, they

too sought religious Freedom in the new world.

Georgia/Charity Colony

In 1733 it was settled as a border colony between the commercial colonies and the Spanish and French settlements.

- Called the prison colony because it was a used as a jail, men from other colonies were sent there as punishment because of unpaid debts or other crimes.

• Its founder, James Oglethorpe, wanted it to be known as the “Charity Colony" and he sent missionaries there to reform the criminals.

New Amsterdam/New York:

1624: was founded by the Dutch West India Company to make money from fur pelts.
-They purchased Manhattan Island from the natives who disliked the
deal andften attacked the settlement.
- The settlers built a large wall for defense; this is the site of Wall Street

• King Charles II of England took over the Dutch colony and gave it to his brother, The Duke of York.

• New York became home to a variety of people from all over Europe who wanted to gain wealth through trade in the new world.

• It became the center of economic and cultural growth in New England.

Commodity Trap

Being stuck in the sale of one item that is no longer
profitable.
- Many colonists borrowed money to buy land and plant, tobacco,
cotton or sugar cane in hopes of becoming rich.
-Yet, everyone else was also selling those crops. It flooded the
market and reduced the price of the item.

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Dutch began the Atlantic slave trade in Cape Town, South Africa. As they sailed to Asia, the West Indies and the America's they would exchange slaves for tobacco, alcohol or weapons.

- Soon, nations such as England, Portugal, and France sought the economic benefits of the slave trade.

- 1619 the first recorded importation of African slaves in the colonies took place in Jamestown, Virginia..

Life expectancy

due to the environment, hostilities, and diseases the life expectancy for men was about 40 and 35 for women. Also, one in four children died during infancy.

Infection and sterilization

due to a lack of knowledge about bacteria and the spread of diseases many women died due to infections contracted in child birth.

-Bacteria in water and the improper disposal of waste also led to many deaths

Medical treatments

the scientific ideas of Europe spread very slowly to America causing the colonists to rely on old methods of care such as bleeding and purging.

-few experienced doctors practiced in the colonies and the majority of care was given by midwives.

Northern opportunities

though many free men in north still focused on agriculture as a way of life, the cities of New England provided new trades such as being a blacksmith, rifle maker, cobbler, or cabinet maker.

Port Cities

in both the north and south, coastal cities such as New York, Boston, Charleston and Savannah grew in wealth and power because of the luxuries items they traded with each other and foreign nations

The Stone Rebellion

occurring in South Carolina, it was the largest slave rebellion in the British colonies. 100 slaves seized weapons, killed their owners and tried to escape to Florida. Though most were captured, it inspired many more slaves to run away and find a path to freedom.

French and Indian War

The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years’ War. The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war’s expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution.

Massacre at Fort William Henry

A British fort was besieged and captured by a French army, leading to a brutal attack by their Native American allies on the surrendered British and colonial troops during their retreat.

British/colonial relationship

he British saw the Colonists as subjects for economic gain instead of citizens

Stamp Act

• a direct tax passed by Parliament without the consent of the colonists

• All printed materials are taxed, including; newspapers, pamphlets, bills, legal documents, marriage licenses, almanacs, dice and playing cards.

Sons of Liberty

an underground organization protested unfair taxes and supported boycotts of British goods.

Boston Massacre

a snowball fights between colonists and British soldiers that turned in to a Shoot-out.

Minutemen

colonial militia men were ready at a moment’s notice to defend against the British assault

Battles of Lexington and Concord

April 1775: these were the first two battles of the revolution.

- Colonists had a large store of weapons in the towns of Lexington and Concord just outside Boston

-British march to get weapons

Olive Branch Petition

a letter sent to King George III to ask for representation and the rights of Englishmen. It is returned.

Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776,,, listed the wrong doings of the King and the colonists’ right to form a new government.

Battle of Trenton

Washington launched a sneak attack on British troops on Christmas Eve because he knew the British would be drunk and passed out.

-it was a victory and helped the American military and morale.

Battle of Yorktown

Battle of Yorktown: 1781 this is the last battle of the war in which the colonists defeat the British.

- Both sides were tired and out of resources.

-the British were waiting for supplies in the Chesapeake Bay believing that Washington was still in New England.

-Washington got word that the French navy was nearby and would fight the British General Cornwallis

. -Washington marched his men 500 miles to land lock the British while the French blocked them at sea.

Sir Walter Raleigh

He was appointed by Queen Elizabeth to make English a dominant colonial power than Spainish

Bartholomew Dias

First to reach the tip of Africa, named it cape of good hope, he never continued India because his men mutinied

Amerigo Vespucci

America gets its name from him, explored the “new world”, first to popularize America as a seperate continent

John Rolfe

Made Jamestown profitable because of the popular crop tobacco. 

William Pitt

who led Britain to victories in the Seven Years' War, expanding the empire in North America and India.