neuro mistakes

contain axons of sensory neurons.

Posterior (dorsal) horns

contain cell bodies of motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles.

Anterior (ventral) horns

(present in thoracic and upper lumbar regions) contain neurons of the autonomic nervous system.

Lateral horns

rare, smell and vision.

bipolar neurons

most common type, CNS, muscles/glands

multipolar neurons

sensory reception from the periphery

unipolar neuron

small, localised changes in membrane potential that can be of varying sizes

graded potential

ligand-gated or mechanically-gated ion channels

graded potential

depolarising (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials - EPSPs) or hyperpolarising (Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials - IPSPs

graded potential

summate (spatially or temporally) to reach the threshold voltage (around −55 mV) at the axon hillock.

graded potential

threshold is reached.
all or non signal

action potential

cns glial cells

astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells

pns

satellite cells, neurilemma cells, myelination

regulate extracellular environment, form blood-brain barrier

astrocytes

immune defence, waste removal

microglia

myelinate CNS axons

Oligodendrocytes

produce cerebrospinal fluid, CSF

Ependymal Cells

support neuron cell bodies in ganglia

Satellite Cells

myelinate PNS axons

Neurilemma cells (Schwann cells)

Functional Classification of Neurons

sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons

Methods of Neurotransmitter Clearance

diffusion, reuptake, and enzymatic breakdown

Meninges of the CNS

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

major brain regions

cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum

Nose

olfactory

Eyes

optic

Muscles of the eyes

Oculomotor

Superior oblique muscle of the eye

Trochlear

Face, sinuses, teeth (sensory), and muscles of mastication (motor)

Trigeminal

Lateral rectus muscle of the eye

Abducens

Muscles of the face and sensory for a portion of the tongue.

Facial

Inner ear

Vestibulocochlear

Posterior part of the tongue, tonsils, pharynx (sensory), and pharyngeal musculature (motor)

Glossopharyngeal

Heart, lungs, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract

Vagus

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Accessory

Muscles of the tongue

Hypoglossal