Chapter 12- The Cold War Test Review

agreement from the Yalta Conference that was violated

Stalin would allow free elections in Eastern European nations under Soviet control.

United Nations

an alliance of nations that attempts to end disputes between countries peacefully

iron curtain

division between Soviet controlled countries and the Western world.

original purpose of the United Nations

conflict resolution

Cold War

Soviet Union and the United States were enemies, but no official war took place.

containment

the U.S. hoped to prevent the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence around the world.

Truman Doctrine

policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism

G.I. Bill of Rights

Law Passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education

Elenaor Roosevelt

Became an active public figure by holding press conferences, making speeches, and writing newspaper columns.

Korea

was controlled by Japan before World War II, and divided between China and the United States after the war.

Marshall Plan

the idea that the U.S. could help rebuild war-torn Europe with loans and other economic aid

President Truman

sent American air and sea forces to South Korea to give the South Korean government troops cover and support.

prevented a quick U.S. victory in Korea

Just when it seemed North Korea would be successfully invaded, China sent hundreds of thousands of soldiers across the border to join the North Korean army.

Korean War

ended in 1953 with North and South Korea once again divided near the 38th parallel.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

said the first task of his administration would be to end the Korean War

blacklisted

Many of Hollywood actors accused of having Communist ties in the late 1940s were

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

were accused of providing secrets to Soviet spies about the atomic bomb.

"duck and cover" drills of the 1950s

show Americans' fear of a hydrogen bomb attack.

the launch of Sputnik in 1957

made the U.S. government fear the Soviet Union would launch missiles at America from outer space.

Sputnik

October, 1957 - The world's first artificial satellite sent into space, launched by the Soviets.

Brinkmanship

the willingness to come close to war to stop the spread of communism.

Joseph McCarthy

A U.S. senator from Wisconsin, he led investigations into the spread of communism in American society and within the government itself. He was eventually discredited when he could produce no evidence.

A crisis in Egypt over the Suez Canal

Cold War crisis that pushed the world to the brink of World War III

Southern and Western states

Many American businesses in the 1950s moved because tax rates were low in these states.

Federal Urban Renewal Program

focused on improving city services and urban housing.

Television

had the greatest impact on American popular culture in the 1950s

beatniks

criticized the values of mainstream America.

Mao Zedong

Communist leader of China, he defeated a nationalist army for control of China.

journalists

labeled rock 'n' roll as immoral in the 1950s

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

an alliance of Western powers