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What are sympathomimetic amines?
Drugs that mimic endogenous neurotransmitters.
Examples of Sympathomimetic Amines
1. Methamphetamine
2. Amphetamine
3. Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine
4. MDMA
5. MDA
What is the most frequently encountered clandestinely produced controlled substance?
Methamphetamine
T/F: • For each pound of meth manufactured, 10 lbs toxic waste is produced.
FALSE. 5-7lbs
Methamphetamine scheduling
Schedule II
Precursors of methamphetamine
Phenyl-2-2propanone (P2P), ephedrine or pseudoephedrine
Methamphetamine appearance
White, odorless powder or crystalline material
What are the three methods used to make meth?
1. Leuckhart method
2. Red Cook Method
3. Nazi Method
Common meth adulterants
1. Sugar
2. Caffeine
3. Ephedrine
4. Pseudoephedrine
5. PPA
Meth street names
Speed, go, meth, tick tick, crystal, rocket fuel
Uses of Methamphetamine
1. Treatment of ADD
2. Treatment of narcolepsy
3. Appetite suppressant
Effects of methamphetamine use
1. Excitability
2. Tremors
3. Anxiety
4. Agitation
5. Elevated pulse
6. Elevated BP
7. Paranoia
8. Dilated pupils
Withdrawal effects of methamphetamine
1. Tremors
2. Chills
3. Exhaustion
4. Delusions
5. Agitation
6. Paranoia
pKa of methamphetamine
9.9
Half-life of methamphetamine
6-15h (pH dependennt)
Enantiomers
• Isomers which are mirror images of each other
• Identical physical properties except for the direction of rotation of
polarized light
Which methamphetamine isomer is considered illicit?
d-methamphetamine
What is l-methamphetamine used for?
Dencongesant properties.
Diastereomers
• Stereoisomers which are not mirror images of one another
• Contain more than one chiral carbon
• Results from the inversion at only one of the chiral carbons
• Have similar, but not identical physical and chemical properties
T/F: d-ephedrine or l-pseudoephedrine will yield d-methamphetamine.
FALSE. l-ephedrine or d-pseudoephedrine will yield d-methamphetamine
What does analysis of methamphetamine by GC/MS require?
Methamphetamine enantiomers made diastereomers by reacting with optically active substance, then separation with optically active column.
What pH should urine be to increase elimination of methamphetamine?
Acidic
How long does a MDMA "trip" last?
4-5 hours
Metabolites of methamphetamine
Amphetamine -> norephedrine
Toxic effects of methamphetamine
1. Restlessness
2. Confusion
3. Anxiety
4. Hallucinations
5. Cardiac arrhythmias
6. Hypertension
7. Coma
8. Convulsions
Toxic dose of methamphetamine
>0.1mg/L (may differ based on tolerance)
What are the differences between meth and cocaine
Meth is synthetic and cocaine is plant-derived
Meth high lasts 8-12h while cocaine high lasts 25-30 minutes
50% of meth eliminated in 12h vs 50% of cocaine eliminated in 1h