Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Nursing students are reviewing information about health care delivery systems in preparation for a quiz the next day. Which statements describe current U.S. health care delivery practices? Select all that apply.
a. Access to care depends only on the ability to pay, not the availability of services.
b. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides private health care insurance to underserved populations.
c. Every health insurance plan in the Health Insurance Marketplace offers comprehensive coverage, from doctors to medications to average, from doctors to medications to hospital visits.
d. The uninsured pay for more than one third of their care out of pocket and are usually charged lower amounts for their care than the insured pay.
e. Fifty years ago, half of the doctors in the United States practiced primary care, but today fewer than one in three do.
f. Quality of care can be defined as the right care for the right person at the right time.
c. Every health insurance plan in the Health Insurance Marketplace offers comprehensive coverage, from doctors to medications to average, from doctors to medications to hospital visits.
e. Fifty years ago, half of the doctors in the United States practiced primary care, but today fewer than one in three do.
f. Quality of care can be defined as the right care for the right person at the right time.
A pediatric nurse is assessing a 5-year-old boy who has dietary modifications related to his diabetes. His parents tell the nurse that they want him to value good nutritional habits, so they decide to deprive him of a favorite TV program when he becomes angry after they deny him foods not on his diet. This is an example of what mode of value transmission?
a. Modeling
b. Moralizing
c. Laissez-faire
d. Rewarding and punishing
d. Rewarding and punishing
A nurse working in a rehabilitation facility focuses on the goal of restoring health for patients. Which examples of nursing interventions reflect this goal? Select all that apply.
a. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
b. A nurse performs range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest
c. A nurse shows a diabetic patient how to inject insulin
d. A nurse recommends a yoga class for a busy executive
e. A nurse provides hospice care for a patient with end-stage cancer
f. A nurse teaches a nutrition class at a local high school
a. A nurse counsels adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
b. A nurse performs range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest
c. A nurse shows a diabetic patient how to inject insulin
Florence Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing
19th century
Clara Barton
Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross in the 19th century
Lillian Wald
Founder of public health nursing 19th century
Mary Eliza Mahoney
First African American nurse 19th century
Isabel Hampton Robb
initiated polices that included limiting the number of hours in a day's work and wrote a textbook to help students learning; the first president of the nurses associated alumnae of the U.S and Canada (later became ANA)
19th century
Mary Breckinridge
Established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first midwifery schools in the United States
20th century
Margaret sanger
opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S founder of planned parenthood federation
20th century
caregiver
Primary role of the nurse
Communicator
The use of effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings
Teacher/Educator
The use of communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families
Counselor
The use of therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient's problem-solving and decision-making skills
Leader
The assertive, self-confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups.
Researcher
The participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care
advocate
the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health and lives
collaborator
The effective use of skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care
4 broad aims of nursing practice can be identified in the definitions of nursing:
1. to promote health
2. to prevent illness
3. to restore health
4. to facilitate coping with disability or death
health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (Described by WHO)
What grade level do you have to provide patient information
5th grade
Three types of educational programs traditionally lead to licensure as an RN
1. diploma
2. associate degree
3. baccalaureate program
Nurse Entrepreneur
A nurse, usually with an advanced degree, who may manage a clinic or health-related business, conduct research, provide education, or serve as an adviser or consultant to institutions, political agencies, or businesses
American Nurses Association (ANA)
Professional organization that represents all registered nurses. founder in late 1800's
national league for nurses (NLN)
Organization, established in 1952, open to all people interested in nursing, including nurses, non-nurses, & agencies.
Objective to foster development & improvement of all nursing services & education.
Conducts one of largest professional testing services in US.
Serves as primary source of research data about nursing education, conducting annual surveys of schools & new RNs.
Provides voluntary accreditation for educational programs.
American association of colleges of nursing (AACN)
National voice for baccalaureate- & higher-degree nursing education programs
Establishes quality standards for baccalaureate- & graduate-degree nursing education, assists in implementation of those standards
National Student Nurses Association (NSNA)
Established in 1952 with the assistance of the ANA and the NLN, the NSNA is the national organization for students enrolled in nursing education programs. Through voluntary participation, students practice self-governance, advocate for student and patient rights, and take collective, responsible action on social and political issues.
Standards of Nursing Practice
- allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is being provided
Nurse practice acts
laws established in each state in the US to regulate the practice of nursing
Reciprocity
allows the nurse to apply for and be endorsed as an RN by another state
Nursing Process
Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
(ADPIE)
compassion fatigue
loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care
Burnout
cumulative state of frustration with the work environment that develops over a long time
secondary traumatic stress
feeling of despair caused by the transfer of emotional distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly
Mindfulness
capacity to intentionally bring awareness to present-moment experience with an attitude of openness and curiosity; mindfulness promotes healing as you pause, focus on the present, and listen
Ponte and Koppel (2015) recommended using ___________ technique to reduce stress and able to respond more skillfully during challenging times.
STOP
S- stop and take a step back
T- take a few breaths
O- Observe inside yourself
P- proceed after you pause
a nurse is caring fir a patient in the ICU who is being monitored for a possible cerebral aneurysm following a loss of consciousness in the ED. the nurse anticipates preparing the patient for ordered diagnostic tests. What aspects of nursing does this nurses knowledge of the diagnostic procedures reflect?
a. the art of nursing
b. the science of nursing
c. the caring aspect of nursing
d. the holistic approach to nursing
b. the science of nursing
2. Nurses today complete a nursing education program, and practice nursing that identifies the personal needs of the patient and the role of the nurse in meeting those needs. which nursing pioneer is MOST instrumental in the is birth of modern nursing?
a. Clara Barton
b. Lillian Wald
c. Lavinia Dock
d. Florence Nightingale
d. Florence Nightingale
The role of nurses in today's society was influenced by the nurse's role in early civilization. Which statement best portrays this earlier role?
a. Women who committed crimes were recruited into nursing the sick in lieu of serving jail sentences.
b. Nurses identified the personal needs of the patient and their role in meeting those needs.
c. Women called deaconesses made the first visits to the sick, and male religious orders cared for the sick and buried the dead.
d. The nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by using herbal remedies.
d. The nurse was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by using herbal remedies.
Nurses today work in a wide variety of health care settings. What trend occurred during World War II that had a tremendous effect on this development in the nursing profession?
a. There was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education.
b. Emphasis on the war slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology
c. The role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings.
d. Nursing was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
a. There was a shortage of nurses and an increased emphasis on education.
A nurse practicing in a primary care center uses the ANA's Nursing's Social Policy Statement as a guideline for practice. Which purposes of nursing are outlined in this document? Select all that apply.
a. A description of the nurse as a dependent caregiver
b. The provision of standards for nursing educational programs
c. . A definition of the scope of nursing practice
d. The establishment of a knowledge base for nursing practice
e. A description of nursing's social responsibility
f. The regulation of nursing research
c. . A definition of the scope of nursing practice
d. The establishment of a knowledge base for nursing practice
e. A description of nursing's social responsibility
A nurse instructor outlines the criteria establishing nursing as a profession. What teaching point correctly describes this criteria? Select all that apply.
a. Nursing is composed of a well-defined body of general knowledge
b. Nursing interventions are dependent upon medical practice
c. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group
d. Nursing is regulated by the medical industry
e. Nursing has a code of ethics
f. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research
c. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group
e. Nursing has a code of ethics
f. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research
A nurse is practicing as a nurse-midwife in a busy OB-GYN office. Which degree in nursing is necessary to practice at this level?
a. LPN
b. ADN
c. BSN
d. MSN
d. MSN
Nursing in the United States is regulated by the state nurse practice act. What is a common element of each state's nurse practice act?
a. Defining the legal scope of nursing practice
b. Providing continuing education programs
c. Determining the content covered in the NCLEX examination
d. Creating institutional policies for health care practices
a. Defining the legal scope of nursing practice
According to the National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice, what is a current health care trend contributing to 21st century challenges to nursing practice?
a. Decreased numbers of hospitalized patients
b. Older and more acutely ill patients
c. Decreasing health care costs owing to managed care
d. Slowed advances in medical knowledge and technology
b. Older and more acutely ill patients
Traditional Knowledge
knowledge that is culturally held and passed on from generation to generation
Authoritative Knowledge
comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person's perceived expertise
scientific knowledge
Source of knowledge that is based on experimentation and research
Theory
composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality.
Concepts
like ideas, are abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality .
-concepts describe objects, properties, events and relationships among them
conceptual framework or model
a group of concepts that follows an understandable pattern
deductive reasoning
in which one examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas
inductive reasoning
one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas
nursing theory
Is developed to describe nursing, nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
General Systems Theory
theory for universal application; break whole things into parts to see how they work together in systems
Adaption Theory
the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions. A continuously occurring process that effects change and involves interaction and response
developmental theory
outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death
Dorthea Orem (1971)
What theorist made self-care deficits to care for and help clients with various needs attain self care
Sister Callista Roy 1974
humans are biopsychosocial beings existing within an environment; needs are created within interrelated adaptive modes; nursing interventions are required when individuals demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses (ADAPTION MODEL)
nursing research
encompasses both research to improve the care of people in the clinical setting and to study people and the nursing profession, including education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history
Quantitative Research
research that collects and reports data primarily in numerical form
applied research
practical research, is designed to directly influence or improve clinical practice
Qualitative Research
research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings.
variable
something that varies and has different values that can be measures
dependent variable
the variable being studied, determined as a rsult of a study
independent variable
causes or conditions that are manipulated or identified to determine the effects of the dependent variables
Hypothesis
statement or relationships between the independent and dependent variables that the researcher expects to find.
data
information the researcher collects from subjects in the study (expressed in numbers)
Types of Quantitative research
descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental
Qualitative Research Methods
phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, historical
Phenomenology
The study of individuals' own unique, first-person, conscious experience.
grounded theory
an inductive method of generating theory from data by creating categories in which to place data and then looking for relationships among categories. "Own reality"
Ethnography
used to examine issues of a culture that are of intrest in nursing
historical
of or concerning history; concerning past events.
informed consent
the patients right to consent knowledgeably to participate in a study without coercion (knowing that this consent may be redrawn at anytime) or to refuse to participate without jeopardizing the care that he or she will receive, the right to confidentiality, and the right to be protected from harm
evidence based practice (EBP)
in nursing is a problem solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available (considered "best" because it is collected from sources such as published research, national standards and guidelines, and reviews to targeted literature).
Systematic Reviews
summarize findings from multiple studies of a specific clinical practice question or topic and recommend practice changes and future directions for research
evidence based practice guidelines
synthesize information from multiple studies and recommend best practices to treat patients with a disease, a symptom, or a disability
PICOT
P: Population
I: Intervention
C: Comparison
O: Outcome
T: Time
Quality improvement
systematic and continuous actions that lead to measurable improvement in health care services and the health status of targeted patient groups
A student nurse asks an experienced nurse why it is necessary to change the patient's bed every day. The nurse answers: "I guess we have just always done it that way." This answer is an example of what type of knowledge?
a. Instinctive knowledge
b. Scientific knowledge
c. Authoritative knowledge
d. Traditional knowledge
d. Traditional knowledge
A nurse is using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice (JHNEBP) model PET as a clinical decision-making tool when delivering care to patients. Which steps reflect the intended use of this tool? Select all that apply.
a. A nurse recruits an interprofessional team to develop and refine an EBP question.
b. A nurse draws from personal experiences of being a patient to establish a therapeutic relationship with a patient.
c. A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes.
d. A nurse uses spiritual training to draw strength when counseling a patient who is in hospice for an inoperable brain tumor.
e. A nurse questions the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU.
f. A nursing student studies anatomy and physiology of the body systems to understand the disease states of assigned patients.
a. A nurse recruits an interprofessional team to develop and refine an EBP question.
c. A nurse searches the Internet to find the latest treatments for type 2 diabetes.
e. A nurse questions the protocol for assessing postoperative patients in the ICU.
A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points of this theory? Select all that apply.
a. A system is a set of individual elements that rarely interact with each other.
b. The whole system is always greater than the sum of its parts.
c. Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments.
d. A change in one subsystem will not affect other subsystems.
To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback.
e. A closed system allows input from or output to the environment.
b. The whole system is always greater than the sum of its parts.
c. Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments.
e. A closed system allows input from or output to the environment.
A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing care for patients in their health care facility. Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice?
a. Madeline Leininger
b. Jean Watson
c. Dorothy E. Johnson
d. Betty Newman
a. Madeline Leininger
A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognizes the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which is most important?
a. Person
b. Environment
c. Health
d. Nursing
a. Person
A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can be performed more efficiently and effectively. The nurse manager's actions to change clinical practice are an example of a situation described by which nursing theory?
a. Prescriptive theory
b. Descriptive theory
c. Developmental theory
d. General systems theory
a. Prescriptive theory
When conducting quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis. This information would be identified as:
a. The subject
b. Variables
c. Data
d. The instrument
c. Data
A nurse is conducting quantitative research to examine the effects of following nursing protocols in the emergency department (ED) on patient outcomes. This is also known as what type of research?
a. Descriptive
b. Correlational
c. Quasi-experimental
d. Experimental
c. Quasi-experimental
A nurse studies the culture of Native Alaskans to determine how their diet affects their overall state of health. Which method of qualitative research is the nurse using?
a. Historical
b. Ethnography
c. Grounded theory
d. Phenomenology
d. Phenomenology
holistic health care
care that addresses the many dimensions that comprise the whole person
morbidity
how frequently a disease occurs
mortality
The number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.
Wellness
an overall state of well-being or total health
disease
pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind
illness
the response of the person to a disease' it is a process in which the persons level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level
chronic illness
A broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health
remission
the disease is present but the person does not experience symptoms
acute illness
rapid onset, short duration
exacerbation
the symptoms of the disease reappear
health equity
attainment of the highest level of health for all people
Note
Flashcard