Chapter 16: Therapy and Treatment

Exam 3

What percent of US adults experienced mental disorders in 2017?

18.9%

Deinstitutionalization

Movement away from long-term hospitalization to outpatient treatment for mental health

Two major reformers in humane mental health treatment

Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix

Biomedical treatment

Treating psychological disorders with medication or medical procedures

Five types of biomedical treatments

Medication, Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), Psychosurgery, Deep Brain Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

What do antipsychotic drugs target?

They reduce brain sensitivity to dopamine and increase serotonin

What do antidepressants elevate?

Norepinephrine and serotonin

Function of tranquilizers

Increase GABA activity to reduce anxiety

What disorder are mood stabilizers primarily used to treat?

Bipolar disorder

What do stimulants treat?

ADHD

How do stimulants work?

They help maintain attention and focus

Psychosurgery

Surgery on the brain, historically including lobotomies, rarely used today

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A treatment for severe depression involving electrical stimulation of the brain to induce seizures. It is often used when other treatments have failed or are not suitable.

Deep Brain Stimulation used to treat?

Depression, OCD, and other disorders

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A non-invasive procedure used to treat depression

Myths about psychotherapy

That there’s one best therapy, therapists read minds, clients are “crazy,“ or only the rich can afford

Does psychotherapy work?

Yes, meta-analyses show it is effective

When can psychotherapy be harmful?

Inn cases of unethical behavior, prejudice, coercion, or unsupported techniques

Therapist qualities

Empathy, experience, personality, and communication skills

Goal of psychoanalysis

To uncover unconscious conflicts and motives

Free association in psychoanalysis

Saying whatever comes to mind to reveal unconscious thoughts

Dream analysis

Interpreting dreams to uncover unconscious meaning

Transference

Redirecting emotions from past relationships onto the therapist

Modern psychodynamic therapy

More direct, focusing on conscious thought, and current issues

Play therapy

A technique used with children to explore emotions through play

Aversive conditioning

associating an unpleasant stimulus with unwanted behavior

Exposure therapy

Gradually exposing a person to their fear to reduce anxiety

Systematic desensitization

Gradual exposure to a fear paired with relaxation techniques

Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

A method to challenge irrational beliefs using the A-B-C-D-E model

What are key distortions targeted by Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?

Selective perception, overgeneralization, magnification, all-or-nothing thinking

What is client-centered therapy?

A humanistic approach using empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard

Client-centered therapy is associated with who?

Carl Rogers

Benefits of group therapy

Support, feedback, information sharing, and behavioral rehearsal

Goal of family therapy

To change dysfunctional family interaction patterns

Comorbid disorder

Having two or more disorders at the same time

Why is substance addiction so hard to treat?

It changes brain structure, contributing to a high relapse rate (40-60%)

What does the sociocultural model emphasize in treatment?

Understanding behavior within cultural and social context

Multicultural counseling

Therapy tailored to a client’s cultural background and values

Common barriers to treatment

Stigma, language, lack of education, fear of misunderstanding, and family privacy