HOA - AMACE

ROCK CAVE

Earliest form of dwelling developed by man (NATURAL CAVE, ARTIFICAL CAVE, CAVE, ABOVE THE GROUND)

MONOLITH

isolated single upright stone

also known as "MENHIR"

MENHIR

memorial of victory

prototype of Egyptian Pyramid

MEGALITHIC

several number of stones

DOLMEN

2 or more upright stones supporting a horizontal slab

CROMLECH

3 or more upright stones

WILTSHIRE, SALISBURY PLAIN

stonehenge location

3,000

STONE CIRCLE

TUMULI

earthen mounds use for burials of several to couple hundred

of ordinary persons. Prototypes of pyramids in Egypt also of the " beehive huts".

CARYATIDS

drapped female figure without hands & carrying nothing.

CANEPHORAE

same as caryatids but this time w/ basket on her head.

ATLAS

male figure in kneeling position supporting the world at his

shoulders.

TELAMON

male figure in standing position in place of a column.

ANTACOLUMN

pier or pilaster formed by a thickening at the end of the wall.

ORDER

it includes the column ( capital , shaft , base ) with an entablature, which is following

a certain rule with regards to systems of designing.'

DORIC ORDER

the simplest , earliest and the most perfect among the orders , made up

of wood.

IONIC ORDER

the most sophisticated, less heavy than the Doric order.

CORINTHIAN ORDER

the slenderest, elegant, and the most elaborated order.

COMPOSITE ORDER

roman elaboration of the Corinthian order.

TUSCAN ORDER

the simplified version of the Roman Doric order and has no shaft flutes.

SUPERCOLUMNATION

the placing of one order after another or above another.

INTERCOLUMNATION

the clear space between two adjacent columns usually measured

at the lower parts of the shafts.

ARCADE

a line of counterthrusting arches raised on columns of piers.

ENTASIS

a swelling or curving along the outline of a column shaft . It was designed to counter-act

the " Optical illusion " which gives a shaft bounded by straight line appearance of curving inwards

AVENUE OF SPHINX

Part of an Egyptian temple; where mystical monster were placed

TEMPLE OF KHONS

Ramses III, Egyptian, Karnak, Egypt

CRIOSPHINX

Ram headed sphinx

TEMPLE OF HATHOR

Dedicated to female goddess Hathor. Inside is a carving of a person holding up a large object. Daniken's theory is that it's an Egyptian "lightbulb".

ANDROSPHINX

A human-headed sphinx

TEMPLE OF QUEEN HATSHEPSUT

Senmut, Egyptian, Deir-el-Bahari, Egypt

PYLON AT EDFU

TEMPLE OF AMON

found at Karnak, it is the largest and most famous of the many temples built and dedicated to the gods

TEMPLE OF LUXOR

Mostly built by menophis III, dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amin, Mut and Khons

EGYPT

" The Land of Pharaoh ", & "desert Land ". The " Nile River" is their means

of communication , highway , & lifeline . Egypt's greatest wealth was its fertile "soil".

SOFT STONE

limestone , sandstone , alabaster .

HARD STONE

granite , quartzite , basalt , porphyry

AMUN-RA

the head god- he was the most powerful god in the New Kingdom.

RAH

Egyptian sun god

ATUM

creator god

OSIRIS

God of the underworld

ISIS

Wife of Osiris

HORUS

God of the sky

SET

god of evil

THOT

ibis headed god of wisdom

ANUBIS

God of the dead

PTAH

god of craftsmen

SERAPIS

bull god

MENTUHETEP II

developed the 3rd type of tomb "Rock-cut Tomb".

SENUSRETS

erected the earliest known "Obelisk" at Heliopolis.

AMENEMHAT I

founded "Great Temple of Ammon Kharnak" Grandest of all temples

THOTMES I

began the additions to the Temple of AMMON, Kharnak.

HATSHEPSUT

First female pharaoh

THOTMES IV

the one responsible for the cleaning away of sand from the "Sphinx"

AMENOPHIS III

erected the "Colossi of Memnon", one of the wonders of the world.

RAMESES I

The beginner of the great hypostyle hall at karnak and the founder of the 19th dynasty.

RAMESES II

finished the construction of the "Hypostyle Hall", & erection of the

"Rock Temple @ ABU- SIMBEL ", and the "Remission",Thebes.

PTOLEMY II

built the Pharaohs or the "Light House"

PTOLEMY III

founded the "Greatest Serapeum" at Alexandria.

BATTERWALL

inclination from base to top of the façade.

SERDAB

inner chamber containing the statues of the deceased member of the family

SARCOPHAGUS

a large stone coffin

STEP PYRAMID

type of pyramid with sides that rise in giant steps

PYRAMID OF ZOSER

famous six-tiered mastaba

BENT PYRAMID

3rd pyramid, built by Seneferu, first attempt at classic shape but made too steep and had to be sloped

SLOPE PYRAMID

ROCK CUT TOMB

a burial chamber that is cut into an existing, naturally-occurring rock formation, usually along the side of a hill

ENTRANCE PYLON

massive sloping towers fronted by an obelisks known as gateways

in Egypt .

HYPAETHRAL COURT

[Egypt] Part of the temple that is open to the sky

HYPOSTYLE HALL

a hall with a roof supported by columns

GREAT TEMPLE OF ABU-SIMBEL

The four-seated colossal statues of Rameses II is carved in the pylon of the ___.

TOWER OF BABEL

A tall building proposed by the Hamites in order to "make a name for themselves."

ISHTAR GATE

The entrance gate into Babylon. It was built by Nebuchadnezzar.

HANGING GARDENS

terraced gardens built by Nebuchadnezzar

ZIGGURAT

chief bldg. structure , square or rectangle in plan

w/ steeply battered sides & an open flatform on top containing the "Fire Altar ".

WINGED BULL

HALL OF HUNDRED COLUMNS

King Xerxes throne hall in Persepolis. it was the largest roofed area at 250 feet squared

MASSIVENESS, MONUMENTALITY, GRANDEUR

MESOPOTAMIAN ARCH CHARACTERISTICS

PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE

Columnar and Trabeated with flat timber roof sometimes domed.

ASSYRIAN AND BABYLONIAN ARCHITECTURE

Arcuated type of construction ; Arch , vault and

flat strips, buttresses w/ glazed tile adornment.

ARCHAIC ZIGGURAT

usually have one flat top rectangular mound carrying the upper temple. e.g White Temple at Warka

PALACE OF SARGON

entrance portals flanked with status of headed

winged bulls & lions. It contains 700 rooms.

SERAGLIO

The palace proper in Assyrian palaces.

HAREM

usually designed w/ a private family apartments or women's quarter.

KHAN

service chambers

GREEK EARLY PERIOD

Aegeans , Minoans & Myceneans were

the only people in Greece.

HELLENIC PERIOD

essentially columnar & trabeated in Acropolis which was Crowned by

" Parthenon". By the 16th Cent. parthenon was converted into a Christian church.

AEGEAN ARCHITECTURE

a). Low pitch or flat roof on multi - storey structure .

b). Stairway was developed for vertical circulation .

c). Houses termed as " Megaron " & palaces were principal bldg. types

MEGARON

Areas:

1). Enclosed porch

2). Living apartment or megaron proper

3). " Thalamus " or sleeping room

CYCLOPEAN WALL

a masonry made-up of huge stone blocks laid mortar

POLYGONAL WALL

a masonry w/c is constructed w/ stones having polygonal faces.

RECTANGULAR WALL

block of stone cut into rectangular shapes.

INCLINED BLOCKS

Stones with inclined blocks

GREEK ARCHITECTURE

a). Simplicity & Harmony

b). Purity of Lines

c). Perfection of Proportions

d). Refinement of Details

SUN / EAST

This " Hellenic Period " chief bldg. type were temples w/c were built towards the ___

PROPYLAEA

entry gate at the west end of the Acropolis

LACUNARIA

Coffers, sunken panels in the ceiling.

GATE OF LIONS

PALACE OF KING MINOS

An example of Aegean Architecture; great palace led by the king of the Minoan civilization that had huge technological and architectural advances including running water

TREASURY OF ATREUS

The finest of Greek Tombs, also known as the 'tomb of Agamemnon'.

THOLOS

A temple with a circular plan. Also, the burial chamber of a tholos tomb.