Unit 6: Thermodynamics (copy)

Exothermic

________ is when energy is transferred from the system to the surroundings, such as when a chemical reaction occurs in a beaker and the beaker feels hot.

Hess’s Law

________ states that if a reaction can be broken into a series of steps, the sum of the ΔH of those steps are equal to the ΔH of the reaction.

Enthalpy change

________ is the measure of energy that is released or absorbed when bonds are broken /formed.

Temperature

________ remains constant during a phase change.

Calorimetry

________ is the measurement of heat changes during a chemical reaction.

Enthalpy of vaporization

________ is how much energy is required to turn a liquid to a gas.

Endothermic reactions

________ occur when a system absorbs the energy from the surroundings, such as when a beaker feels cold.

Vapor pressure

________ is the amount of pressure given off by molecules as they go from solid /liquid to gas.

heat of vaporization

The ________ is the energy given off when a gas condenses.

Hydration energy

________ is a Coulombic energy and its magnitude increases as the ions increase their charge or decrease the size.

released

When bonds are formed, energy is ____.

Enthalpy of fusion

________ is the amount of energy required to cause a solid to melt.

absorbed

When bonds are broken, energy is _____.

Solid to gas

sublimation

Gas to solid

deposition

ΔH

Enthalpy change

ΔHf°

Enthalpy of formation

Enthalpy of formation

The amount of energy released when one mole of a compound is made from pure substances

Vapor pressure

Molecules that go from solid/liquid to gas emit ________.

Endothermic

________ is when energy is transferred from the surrounding to the system, such as when a chemical reaction occurs in a beaker and the beaker feels cold.

Enthalpy of formation of O2

Zero

Enthalpy of formation of graphite

Zero

Enthalpy of formation of diamond

1.9 kJ / mole

Bimolecular

elementary reaction with two particles

Nature of reactant

Reaction between simple ions are usually instataneous