Changing places exam questions

2021 - outline how topography can contribute to places character [4 marks]

- Topography is the shape of the landscape.

- Different topography may be suitable for different land use eg. Flat land may be more suitable for arable farming where as mountainous may be more suitable for pastoral farming -> provides different economic character

- eg. mountains Can be shaped by different rocks -> can be used with buildings eg. Houses so will be distinct and then shape character

2020 - outline how geospatial data can be used to present places characteristics [4 marks]

- geospatial data is time specific data that links to specific location

- quantitative data can be used to show change in places characteristics eg. index of multiple deprivation measures deprivation in various areas and can be mapped to show change

- EQS can be used to show different quality in different areas over a set amount of time which can be used to compare characteristics in different areas.

2019 - Explain how exogenous factors contribute towards character of a place [ 4 marks]

- exogenous factors are external factors that cause a change in character of place

- eg. Flows of people, money, ideas etc.

- one example is migration. New people can bring flow of new ideas and new culture which changes the character of the place.

EG. Birmingham has 27% Asian migrants

- tourism can also change places character. Eg. Las Vegas has numerous casinos and hotels which provide job opportunities and shape economic character of place.

2018 - explain why outsiders may have a different sense of place to insiders [4 marks]

- insiders are people that live in a place and have lived experience whereas outsiders may have no experience in that place

- outsiders views may be shaped by the media / TV shows

- eg. Outsiders may visit Reading fest once a year so their sense of place is shaped by festivals but insiders who live in Reading all year round will know the problems.

- outsiders may have lived experience but may feel like they don't belong due to their age/gender/ethnicity. Eg. Migrants may feel out of place with place

2021 - evaluate the usefulness of figure 3a + 3b in showing changes in Ancoats [6 marks]

- relatively useful in showing that there has been no changes. Eg. Chimneys are still present and building structure looks very similar to the sketch in figure 3a and climate still similar!

- figure 3a implies poverty (women quote) and industrial revolution which has not changed by the implications from building structure and large chimneys suggesting factories.

- however, may be better at explaining lived experiences rather than changes

2020 - analyse the relationship between perception and incidence of crime shown in figure 3a + 3b [6 marks]

- overall only 74.4% of people feel safe in Cardiff

- there is a pattern of feeling safe to low crime rates eg in West and North Cardiff have high safety and lowest crime

- however, some exceptions eg. Highest levels of crime didn't feel unsafest -> eg. City and Cardiff south

- overall varies across the town, highest category is found in all 6 areas no matter how safe they felt.

2019 - analyse data shown in figure 3a, 3b and 3c [6 marks]

- central ward has highest portion of unemployed due to long term Illness of 13%. This is 3.25x North somersets average

- factors such as exercise, stress depression and arthritis are key in influencing health and well-being.

- despite Central ward having high portion of 20-39 year olds, they still have equal number of unemployed for family reasons

- however, age ranges do not match up with all suggestions, eg. CW has 4% unemployed bcs student but has more 20-24 year olds than national average.

2018 - analyse the data shown in figure 3a + 3b

- figure 3b overall shows that the west of London has the highest income rates with exception of Fulham and Hammersmith which has (amount) less than Kensington nd Chelsea

- Kensington and Chelsea have the highest income of 105,000 - 137,000 and have the highest happiness rates which could imply there is a relationship

- however not evident in all cases eg. Westminster has lowest happiness but has high income so may be no relationship

- further supported by Newham which has lowest income rates but relatively high happiness levels compared to others.

2021 - using figure 4a, 4b and your own knowledge, asses the extent to which you agree that place meaning is based on different perspectives [6 marks]

- place meaning = physical and human characteristics that make up a place.

- can be shaped by different perspectives to a large extent -> Grasmere is shaped by numerous people eg. Local people, politicians and poets.

Local people - They believe that Grasmere is 'tranquil and beautiful'. They believe it has an environmental value which houseboats would destroy.

Lowther Estates may have a different perspective on Grasmere - seeing it as an area for commercial gain. Perhaps believing that encouraging more tourism is more important than the tranquillity of the area.

Furthermore, national park considering plans which show that high up ppl can shape place meaning which has resulted in change of behaviour -> protests

- Overall, emotionally driven. Ppl form strong attachments to places and don't like change.

2020 - using figure 4 and your own knowledge, evaluate the attempts to influence specific place meanings [6 marks]

Place meaning -> collective sense of place

This can be influenced by local people or governments. One example is the Africa the media never shows u

- by making city cleaner, can create a nicer environment therefore creating a nicer place meaning for the locals.

- project has support from both local people and the London mayor. This means it is likely to be funded helping to create a more positive place meaning

- however, hasn't been complete yet so it is hard to fully evaluate the impacts

2019 - Using figure 4 and ur own knowledge, assess usefulness of sources such as this in place representation (poetry source) [6 marks]

gives description of particular areas in Sheffield + what conditions are like. Eg. "The water was dirty..." tells us water may be contaminated which may indicate poor waste disposal giving a negative representation of place.

Other lines such as "beneath old trebor factory..." may give uS info on history of the place.

However may not be entirely useful because it's from one writers perspective which indicates an element of bias

Furthermore, based on memory which doesn't represent current area and how it has developed.

Overall agree to certain extent bcs can give brief history but not an entirely reliable source

2021 - With reference to your local place, assess the extent to which qualitative sources (for example songs, artwork) present contrasting images to quantitative sources (for example census data, maps). [20 marks]

INTRO - Quantitive Data refers to data that is in numerical form and qualitative data refers to data that is not expressed through numerical form eg pairings poems and music

P1 - quantitative data eg. Census data can show demographics, education and employment rates within Reading which qualitative cannot show. For example the 2011 census shows population of 347,000 compared to 161,000 in 1950s.

This data is based off of facts and is less prone to bias compared to qualitative data which tends to be based off opinions. This shows that quantitative has been helpful in providing us factual information in Reading which qualitative cannot therefore showing they both provide different perspectives.

P2 - HOWEVER, quantitative may not be entirely representative of Reading for example census data is not always completed by everyone and it doesn't highly lived experience and personal emotions like qualitative data does. The film cemetery junction by Ricky gervais shows the reality of living in Reading and describes it as a place you want to escape from.

This provides a different view from quantitative as quantitative shows the high employment rates and low deprivation rates (0.05%) which suggests Reading is a great place to live but qualitative data shows different representation. Therefore supporting statement

Conc - both have pos and negs (quantitative doesn't show lived experience and qual may not be reliable) but it is evident that they both provide different views on Reading and overall help deepen understanding of this place.

2020 - 'The impact of globalisation has transformed and improved places beyond recognition.' With reference to your distant place, critically assess this statement. [20 marks]

Globalisation - process of world becoming increasingly integrated through increased flows of ppl, capital and resources

P1 - globalisation opened global markets in Detroit. This allowed them to export ford products across the world. This led to increased success and transformed Detroit into the motor city.

P2 However, there may be other factors which led to Detroit being transformed. For example endogenous factors eg. The Detroit river connects to the Atlantic Ocean. This meant that Detroit was an ideal manufacturing town. This resulted in ford setting up factories there. Even though globalisation allowed distribution of products around global markets, it would have not been possible without its unique geographical position. Therefore the impact of globalisation may have transformed Detroit to a certain extent.

P3 - However, globalisation has had huge negative effects on Detroit therefore may have not improved the place. Due to globalisation, factories have moved countries where the labour is cheaper. This means that automotive factories in Detroit have moved to countries in Asia. This resulted in lack of jobs, derelict buildings and overall making the place look neglected. Over 90,000 abandoned buildings + unemployment rate of 16%. Therefore may not be positive

CONC - to little extent. Globalisation has played a key role in Detroits decline and hasn't improved the place.

2019 - Evaluate the role of one or more external forces in changing lived experiences in the local or distant place you have studied.

External forces might include:

Government policies

Multinational corporations

International or global institutions [20 marks]

INTRO - Detroit is famous for the exogenous factors of *multinational corporations of Ford and General

Motors (car industries) that were based in the centre of Detroit from mid 1920s until the "bust' in 2013. Detroit experienced industrialisation in the 1890s partly due to its physical

location* on the Detroit River where cargo ships could bring imports of car parts up the river to Detroit and take exports out to be taken to the world.

PARAGRAPH 1 - Multinational corporations over time have changed the lived experiences for the population of Detroit as the boom of car manufacturing by Ford and General Motors *initially increased

employment for residents who then had the opportunity to boost their wealth and in consequence their standard of living which results in better lived experiences*.

Employment provides a stable income for a family who then have more disposable income to improve

their happiness (standard of living).

P2 - neg impact of MNCs. Factories moved to cheaper countries eg. Asia.

Resulted in 90,000 abandoned buildings and high unemployment rates. This meant that wealth was removed from the centre so lived experiences became worse in the centre as the quality of living was worse than the suburbs and the crime rate increased.

P3 - Flows of investment and resources into Detroit impacted the lived experiences as they brought wealth and prosperity and led to building of for example the Chrysler building, Packard Motor Car factory in Detroit among other factories. This built environment provided wealth for Detroit and improved lived conditions as there was a better quality of life.

'The changing character of a place over time is more effectively represented by statistical and cartographical sources than artistic sources such as painting, poetry and photography.'

USE LOCAL OR GLOBAL PLACE [20 marks]

P1 STATISTICAL SOURCES- Allows for the descriptive approach to studying place

for example census data can effectively show how a place changes over time through demographic + economic data.

However, statistical data sources may be limited bcs they don't show individual viewpoints instead they are mainly focused on the collective whole

P2 ARTISTIC SOURCES- Allows for social constructionist and phenomenological approach to studying place

Eg. 'The joy of Reading' by Rosalita Fernandez, 2009

One strength is its an Accurate representation from an insiders perspective. It highlights socio-economic issues, poverty, inequality over the years. "The childcare services don't care about the 15 year old whose alcoholic mother serves him drugs instead of Beans and toast for tea".

IMPORTANT bcs artistic sources are useful because they highlight emotion in a way that is not possible with quantitative sources

HOWEVER, Only from one perspective, therefore it is subjective and open to bias. Furthermore, other locals may disagree so may not be accurate in showing changing character of a place therefore agree with statement

CONC - All do have limitations However, most effective representation is by both types of data combined.

SPECIMIN 2

https://docplayer.net/178259567-A-level-geography-paper-2-human-geography.html

lived experience refers to the experience that people have in an area they have physically been to. To quite a large extent, I would agree with the statement as it can be argued that place and sense of place are difficult to properly explain and analyse with just using quantitative data, and that to properly understand a place and the lived experience, qualitative data would also need to be utilised; this would be the same when determining both the past and present lived experience of place. However, especially when looking at the past lived experience of a place, it could be argued that quantitative data is more useful as finding enough reliable qualitative data may prove more difficult.

2. qualitative for present - artistic representations show lived experiences eg. Cemetery junction film by Ricky gervais.

3. quantitative eg. Census data for past/present bcs can show changes over TIME.

SPECIMIN 1