History ww1 test study guide

Triple Alliance

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI.

Central Powers

In World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies.

Triple Entente

A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US

Total War

A war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.

Ypres

battle where poison gas was 1st used (1914)

Forteen Points

President Wilson's goal for peace after World War I

Name three of the fourteen points

Which ever one's you want to do

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Franz Ferdinand

Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A major catalyst for WWI.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

Western Front

A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other.

Schlieffen Plan

A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Eastern Front

In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany's Policy of sinking ships with their U-boats, enemy or neutral, that carry war material

Alliances of WWI

A grouping of nations where each one pledges mutual support to the others. The formation of alliances was an underlying cause of WWI. This caused WWI because the conflict originally involved between two countries were likely to involve many more countries due to the alliance. For example, Germany was an ally of Austria Hungary, if they were at war, then Germany would be automatically at war. Examples include Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy), Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, Russia)

Propaganda

information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause

Somme

battle that killed over 1 million. no side won advantage.

League of Nations

An organization of nations formed after World War I to promote cooperation and peace.

Gallipoli

World War I battle, 1915; unsuccessful attempt in defense of the Dardanelles.

Rationing

A limited portion or allowance of food or goods; limitation of use

Armistice

Agreement to stop fighting

Lusitania

American boat that was sunk by the German U-boats; made America consider entering WWI

Zimmerman

German foreign minister who sent a telegram that angered the United States

Marne

A World War I battle fought from 5-12 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German Army.

Militarism

glorification of the military

Trench Warfare

Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI.

Declaration of War

In April 1917, President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany.

How did the Schlieffen Plan fail?

Russia mobilized quickly

Czars

Rulers of Russia until 1917; were supposedly appointed by God and saw themselves as "Gods" of Russia.

Reparations

As part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war. Opposed by the U.S., it quickly lead to a severe depression in Germany.

Geneva Protocols

Treaty prohibiting the use of biological weapons during war. Like mustard gas and poisons gas

Reparations

payment for damages after a war

Karl Marx

founder of modern communism

Gavrilo Princip

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

Bolsheviks

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

February Revolution

the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917

Red Army/White Army

two Russian factions that fought in a Civil War in 1918; the White Army was led by Russian Military Leaders and funded by the allied powers; the Red Army (a.k.a. Bolsheviks) was led by Lenin; Red Army won and Lenin came to power

Demilitarized

elimination or prohibition of weapons, fortifications, and other military installations

Rasputin

Self-proclaimed holy man who claimed to heal the sick and have prophecy. He had much influence over Tsarina Alexandra and she often went to him for advise on political issues.

M.A.I.N.

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Nicholas II

Last tsar of Russia, he went to the frontlines in WWI to try to rally the troops, but was forced to abdicate after his wife made horrible decisions under the influence of Rasputin.

October Revolution

The revolution in October 1917 in Russia that brought the Bolsheviks to power.

Article 231

Provision of the Versailles Treaty that blamed Germany for World War 1.

How was Germany affected by the end of WWI?

Essay question