Forces Unit vocabulary

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Physical Science

8th

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28 Terms

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Force
a push or pull on an object
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Net force
The combination of all forces acting on an object
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Balanced force
Equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions, there is no change in motion
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Unbalanced force
two or more forces that are not equal and opposite of one another; can cause change in motion
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Motion
An object's change in position relative to a reference point.
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Speed
The distance an object travels per unit of time
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Velocity
the speed of an object in a particular direction
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Newton
SI unit of force, equal to 100g on earth
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Friction
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
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Gravity
A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses, a distance force
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Mass
the amount of matter in an object
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Weight
A measure of the force of gravity on an object
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Projectile motion
the curved path that an object follows when thrown, launched, or otherwise projected near the surface of Earth, has horizontal and vertical motion
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Energy
The ability to do work or cause change
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Energy transfer
The conversion of one form of energy into another, or the movement of energy from one place to another.
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Kinetic energy
the energy an object has due to its motion
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Potential energy
stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
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Horizontal force
A force that acts in a direction parallel with the horizon
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Vertical force
A force that acts in a direction perpendicular to the horizon
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Counteract
to act in opposition to
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Dynamic friction
Friction that acts due to movement of one surface over another
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Static friction
Friction that acts on objects that are not moving
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Stationary
standing still; not moving
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Acceleration
rate of change of velocity, change in speed or direction
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Deceleration
negative acceleration
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Newton's first law of motion
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
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Newton's Second Law
Force \= mass x acceleration
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Newton's Third Law
For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force