Chapter 12 & 13 : Psychological Disorders & Treatment

Abnormal Behavior

behavior that causes people distress, prevents them from functioning in daily life

Types of abnormaility

deviation from average behavior, deviation from an ideal, producing sense of personal discomfort, inability to function effectively, legal concept

Medical Perspective

Physical evaluation → brain injury, hormonal or chemical imbalance,

Psychoanalytic Perspective

psychological disorders stem from childhood conflict

Behavioral Perspective

Abnormal behaviors are learned

Cognitive Perspective

cogntition impacts psychological disorders

Humanistic Perspective

people are responsible for their own behavior, self actualize

Sociocultural Perspective

Behavior shaped by family, society and culture

Generalized anxiety

excessive anxiety or worry about multiple things on most days

Specific Phobias

Fear or anxiety when exposed or anticipating exposure to a specific situation

Panic Disorder

recurrent panic attacks, may be in specific situations or without trigger, must last a month or longer

Agoraphobia

situations or places they perceive unsafe with no escape

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear or anxiety in social or performance situations with potential scrutiny

PTSD

Result of trauma, direct or indirect, symptoms on exposure to reminders

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Separation from home environment or person with close attachment

OCD

Obsessive Complusion Disorder

Selecive Mutism

Person loses abillity to speak in some situations

Risk factors of Anxiety Disorders

Combination of genetics and environment

Treatment

Psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, psycho-education, relaxation techniques, and medication

OCD treatments

ERP - resist compulsions, SSRIs

Obsesions (OCD)

Unwanted disturbing thoughts generating distress

Compulsion

repetitive behaviors that help relieve obsessive thoughts and associated emotional distress

Specifications of OCD

Determine if individual has insight to whether they believe their disordered beliefs are true or not

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Psychological condition involving somatic symptoms that are distressing and cause significant dysfunction in daily life

SSD Criteria A

One or more somatic symptoms that are distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life

SSD Criteria B

Excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the somatic symptoms or associated health - anxiety,time , energy on symptoms

SSD Criteria C

One somatic symptom may not be continuously present but state of being symptomatic is persistent (at least 6 months)

SSD Specifiers

Predominant pain, persistent, serverity

Mild severity SSD

Only 1 criterion B

Moderate SSD

2 or more

Severe SSD

2 or more symptoms of criteria B are fulfilled multiple somatic complaints or one very severe somatic symptom

Treatment for SSD

First rule out other conditions, patient education, promote coping mechanisms, CBT, Mindfulness based therapy, pharmacotherapy

Conversion Disorder

Clinically unexplained abnormality, can have psychological cause, less concerned than someone with SSD,

Illness anxiety disorder

anxious they may have a severe disorder, any symptoms must be attributed to a severe condition, make them act in compulsive behaviors

Illness anxiety disorder treament

CBT, SSRIs

Conversion Disorder Treatment

Education for patient and family, physical therapy

Factitious Disorder

May fake symptoms for sympathy and attention, may harm themselves to appear to have symptoms

Malingering

Secondary gain Financial compensation, excused from work, go to hospital for food or medication

Mood Disorders

A disturbance in emotional experience that is strong enough to intrude on everyday living

Major Depressive Disorder

a severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision-making, and sociability

Mania

An extended state of intense, wild elation

Bipolar Disorder

A disorder in which a person alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression

Mood Disorder Causes

Genetic and Biological Causes, internal unconscious conflicts, environmental, cognitive and emotional causes

Schizophrenia

A class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs

Schizophrenia Symptoms

withdrawal, inappropriate emotions, hallucinations, delusions, disturbances of thought and speech, and decline from a previous level of functioning

Causes of Schizophrenia

Biological, Situational, Cognitive

Personality Disorders

A disorder characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavioral patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A disorder in which individuals show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others

Borderline Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by problems regulating emotion and thoughts, displaying impulsive and reckless behavior, and having unstable relationships with others

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A personality disturbance characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance