brieger, a&p hns: chapter 6 skeletal system

how many total bones are in the body?

206

osteons

the basic structural units of bone

osteoblasts

(from the greek words for “bone” and “germ” or “sprout”) the bone-building cells; what construct bones in the first place

resportion

osteocytes release chemical signals that direct osteoclasts to the site of damage. upon arrival, they secrete both a collagen-digesting enzyme and an acidic hydrogen-ion mixture that dissolves the calcium phosphate, releasing its components back into the blood.

how often do you get a whole new skeleton?

7-10 years

what are the cranial bones (8)?

(2) parietal bones, (2) temporal bones, (1) frontal bone, (1) occipital bone, (1) sphenoid bone, & (1) ethmoid bone.

what is the function of the cranial bones?

they protect the brain and inner ear by enclosing them

what are the facial bones (14)? *not including bone markings

(2) nasal, (1) vomer, (2) lacrimal, (2) zygomatic, (2) palatine, (2) maxilla, (1) mandible, (2) inferior nasal concha

what are the functions of the facial bones?

• form the framework of the face

• holds the eyes in an anterior position

• provides cavities for the taste and smell organs & passageway for food and air

• secures the teeth

• anchors the muscles of the face

what is the external auditory meatus?

[BONES TO KNOW; cavities"/holes] arising from the anteriormost part of the concha, it marks the beginning of the external auditory canal

what is the foramen magnum?

[BONES TO KNOW; cavities/holes] large hole where the spinal cord enters the skull; pathway between the vertebral column and the cranium.

what is the jugular foramen?

[BONES TO KNOW; cavities/holes] hole in the base of the skull that allows the jugular veins to pass through

what are the carotid canals?

[BONES TO KNOW; cavities/holes] hole in the base of the skull that allows the carotid arteries to pass through

what is the coronal suture?

[BONES TO KNOW; suture] separates the frontal bone from the parietal bone.

what is the sagittal suture?

[BONES TO KNOW; suture] the midline of the skull, separating the parietal bone into two halves.

what is the lamboidal suture?

[BONES TO KNOW; suture] separates the occipital bone from the parietal bones.

what is the squamous suture?

[BONES TO KNOW; suture] separates the temporal bone from the parietal bones.

what is the styloid process?

[BONES TO KNOW; projection] it is an attachment point for two ligaments and three muscles that move the pharynx and larynx during the swallowing process.

what is the mastoid process?

[BONES TO KNOW; projection] roughened posterior portion of the temporal bone that is located behind the ear.

what is the occipital bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; cranial] large bone in the back of head

what is the parietal bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; cranial] bones of the side, superior to temporals

what is the frontal bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; cranial] large thick bone that makes up the forehead

what is the temporal bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; cranial] on the lower side of the head; below the parietals

what is the ethmoid bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; cranial] in the eye socket, back and medial; “the ethmoid is the enclosed or encased cranial bone”

what is the sphenoid bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; cranial] on the side and in front of the temporals; front wall of cranium/all the way across (butterfly-shaped*); “the sphenoid specter spans the cranium”

what is the nasal bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; facial] nose area

what is the vomer bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; facial] above the palate

what is the lacrimal bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; facial] medial eye orbit; “lacrimal fluid = tears”

what is the maxilla bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; facial] upper jaw; “the maximum part of the face”

what is the mandible bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; facial] lower jaw; strongest bone in the skull

what is the zygomatic bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; facial] cheek bone, protection of the eye

what is the palatine bone?

[BONES TO KNOW; facial] makes up the palate; the roof of the mouth

label

1. parietal bone

2. temporal bone

3. lamboidal suture

4. occipital bone

5. external acoustic meatus

6. mastoid process

7. mandible

8. mental foramen

9. *do not need to know

10. coronal suture

11. frontal bone

12. sphenoid bone

13. ethmoid bone

14. nasal bone

15. lacrimal bone

16. zygomatic bone

17. maxilla

18. *do not need to know

19. styloid process

pneumonic for cranial bones (front to back)

Ethan’s fried Spanish pasta tempted Octavia → ethmoid frontal sphenoid parietal temporal occipital

pneumonic for facial bones (no particular order)

My mouth’s palate never liked zucchini in vinegar → mandible maxilla palatine nasal lacrimal zygomatic inferior nasal conchae vomer