Latinx Culture Exam 2

La United Farm Workers of America

• labor union for agriculture workers in America

• had a boycott against grapes

César Chávez

• labor leader and civil rights activist

• was a partial founder of United Farm Workers of America

Dolores Huerta

• labor leader and feminist

• partial founder of the United Farm Workers of America

Aztlán

• southwest united states previously owned by mexico

Chicano Walkouts

• student walkout in response to social injustice in East LA

Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzalez

• Wrote “Yo soy Joaquín

• co-authored “Plan Espiritual de Aztlán”

• Presented at the first National Chicano Youth Liberation Conference

El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán

• manifesto to reclaim “Aztlán” and create a chicano country

• emphasizes the need for patriotism

• need for economic control (from America), cultural preservation, self-defense, political liberation, against government hand-outs

Brown Berets

• chicano social justice group

• focused on police brutality, lack of educational and economic opportunities

Chicano Moratorium

• a large chicano protest against the Vietnam War

Chicano I: The Mexican American Heritage Series”

• television series that aired on NBC

Oscar “Zeta” Acosta

• lawyer and activist in the chicano movement

• wrote the autobiography of a brown buffalo

Corrido de Dolores Huerta

• debut album of East La band “Los Lobos”

• was produced for the United Farm Workers campaign for the boycott of grapes

Feminism in the Chicano Movement

• chicano culture is very patriarchal

• feminism, gender, and sexuality are taboo

Hijas de Cuauhtémoc

• chicano feminist group

Confrencia de Mujeres por la Raza

• first interstate feminist conventions

• focused on reproductive rights, gender discrimination, economic justice, sexuality

Cherríe Moraga

• feminist writer and poet

• talks about her experiences as a lesbian women

• wrote “Giving up the Ghost”

Yolanda Lopez

• chicana painter

• was known for her feminist focused art

• created the “Portrait of the Artist as the Virgin of Guadalupe”

Sandra Cisernos

• chicana writer

• wrote “The House on Mango Stree”

Rafael Trujillo “El Jefe”

• Dominican Republic Dictator

• massacred Haitians

• exploited resources of the country

• assassinated in 1961

La Mantaza, La masacre de Perejil

• mass killing of Haitians living on Dominican occupied land

Junot Díaz

• Dominican writer

• won the Pulitzer Prize

Julia Alvarez

• Dominican writer

• wrote “How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accent”

Las Mariposas “Las Hermanas Mirabal”

• political activists against the dominican dictatorship

• assassinated at the direction of Trujillo

Fall of the Berlin Wall

• November 1989

• divided the German capital

La perestroika

• period of political and economic reform in the Soviet Union

El período especial

• period of economic crisis in Cuba due to the fall of the Soviet Union

Elian Gonzalez “el balserito”

• center of international custody battle between cuba and america

deshielo cubano

• the normalization of cuban and american relations form 2015-2017

La Ruta Larga

• a commonly used route for immigrantes that wanted to travel by land through mexico and the jungle

Roque Dalton

• salvadorian poet and political activist

• wrote Poema de Amor

• expressed his love for the criminals, prostitutes, and other marginalized groups

Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberacion Nacional (FMLN)

• a guerilla group that fought against the millitary during the civil war in El Salvador

Monsenor Romero

• archbishop for el salvador that spoke out against violent government acts

• assasinated

• became a saint

Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA)

• conserrvative political group that held power between 1990-2009

Nayib Bukele

• president of El Salvador since 2019

• terminated the bi-partisan system

Valeria Luiselli

• translator for unaccompanied minors that cross the boarder and need to fill out questionnaires

• wrote los ninos perdidos

Masacre de San Fernando

• 72 immigrants were found dead in mexico

• killed because they refused to work for a gang

Programa Frontera de Sur

• anti-immigration plan created by mexico

• supported by the US

• used technology to track undocumented migrants

Almudena Carracedo and Robert Bahar

• directores of Made in La

• won prizes for their work

Won Chang

• founder of Forever 21

Javier Zamora

• salvadorian poet and activist

• wrote solito about his experience as an unaccompanied minor

Division Street Riots

• period of unrest in chicago

• came after the police shooting of a Puerto Rican man

The Young Lords in Chicago

• started off as a street gang

• transformed in to a social activist group

Jose “Cha Cha” Jimenez

• founder of the young lords

• social and political activist

Miguel Algarin, Lucky Cienfuegos, Richard August

• founders of the Nuyorican Poetry cafe

Miguel Pinero

• poet and play write

• co founder of the Nuyorican poetry cafe

Sandra Maria Esteves

• poet and graphic artist

• co founder of the nuyorican poets cafe

Riccardo Rossello

• puerto rican government during hurricane maria

• resigned after public outrage

Fania All-Stars

• salsa music group

Johnny Pacheco

• leading figure in the New York salsa scene

• Dominican

• Created Fania Records

Zaire 74

• music festival to promote the Ali fight

• tried to unite africans and african americans

Jorell Melendez-Badillo

• professor at madison that studied puerto rican history

• the author of Puerto Rico: A National History

Hector Tobar

• Guatemalan journalist and novelist

• wrote the tattooed soldier, translation nation, and our migrant souls

Viva Zapata

• western film directed by emiliano zapata

Oscar “zeta” Acosta the brown and the buffalo

• he feels he doesnt culturally belong bc he doesnt feel fully mexican or fully american

• is skeptical of american institutions as they discriminate people of color

• became a pro-bono lawyer for the chicano movement

Chicano Moratorium: A question of freedom

• documentary following the chicano maratorium

• shows interviews talking about the disproportianate rate at which mexican-americans are dying in Vietnam

• shows how police start the riot

• talks about deaths of reporters after the riot

• questions whether there can be freedom for chicanos is possible for america

• veteran explains how he has been betrayed

• shows injustice

Giving up The Ghost

• play written by cherrie morgan

• talks about the struggles of lesbians within the mexican-american religon

• talks about how the rigid structure of catholiscm opresses

Mericans

• brother and sister waiting for their grandmother to finish praying in church

• feel disconnected from the culture

• children are more fluent in english than spanish

• finds identity in mericans (Mexican-Americans)

Never Marry a Mexican

• shows a daughters resentment for her grandmother

• demonstrates how the daughter feels suffocated by the rigid mexican culture

Invierno

• adjusting to american life

• father restricts the boys

• mother is lonly and homesick speaking very little english

• crave freedom and belonging by sneaking out but are then punished by their father

• feels disconnected from his family due to the new american life

How to date a black girl, brown girl, or white girl

• shows racial stereotypes for each girl and changes how yunior acts

• objectifies women

• yunior is self-conscious of his own dominican identity (his hair and his home)

• he feels the need to conform in order to fit in

How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accent

• after immigrating to america the girls begin to lose their native accents

• shows how they have to forget their herritage in order to conform to american society

• yolanda feels isolation due to her dominican heritage

• they try to unlearn their accents in order to conform to american society

La Balseros

• documentary showcasing the lives of immigrants traveling to america on rafts from cuba

• shows the difficulties of new immigrants coming to america

• shows how soime forget their families at home

• life in america is not as good as it seems

Eternos Indocumentados

• documentary asking undocumented migrants about their experiences

• forced migration due to government violence

• most of the violence stems from the american funded government

• gangs are away to obtain security for your family

• many experience violence trying to come to america

• trans people experience the most amount of violence

Los ninos perdidos

• shows the experience of unaccompanied migrants through the american court system

• structered on the 40 question questionaire

• shows that the children are victims of forced migration

• its hard for kids to understand questions and answer them correctly

• the american court system decides if the have had enough trauma to be let in

Made in La

• shows migrant women working in the fast fashion industry

• the work crazy hours with little to no pay

• follows their journey to sue Forever 21

• shows how often immigrants are giving the grunt work in america

Nuyorican Poetry

• describes the life of Puerto Ricans living in new york

• uses spanglish to demonstrate the experience of billiangual migrantes

• describe assimilation and disconnection

El Apagon

• talks about colonism in puerto rico

• reclaims his puerto rican identity

• attributes puerto ricos struggles to the treatment from the US government

• talks about the electricity crisis after hurican maria

• cultural pride

• economic inequality

Americanismo

• talks about the need form immigrantes to assimilate to american culture

• talks about two brothers, one pursues american citizenship and the other gets in to criminal activities and returns to mexico