The Spanish Empire

Governing Spanish America: what did the Spanish govt reflect on

absolutism

Governing Spanish America: What role did the catholic church play? Why was it so signifcant?

it encouraged the practice of faith, morals, and treatment of Native Americans

Governing Spanish America: What were creoles?

people born in the colonies of European ancestry

Colonist in Spanish America: How did the empire sustain its wealth?

Spanish forced Native Americans to work in gold and silver mines, which supplied the empire’s wealth

Colonist in Spanish America: What were haciendas and what correlation does it have with Native Americans

Haciendas are large-scaled farms controlled by Spanish land-lords. Spanish forced Native Americans to work on haciendas

Colonist and Indians: What were peninsulares?

people of european birth who stood atop the social hierarchy

Colonist and Indians: Spanish authorities eventually granted Native Americans certain rights within colonial society and looked forward to their eventual assimilation. What was an example of this?

in 1514, Spanish govt approved of interracial marriages (partly as a way to convert them to Christianity)

Colonist and Indians: What were the people of mixed origin of European and Native descendant called?

Mesitzos

Colonist and Indians: Who was Virgin Mary and why was she important?

• A religious figure in which Juan Diego depicted looking as a dark-skinned Native American

• symbol of mixing Spanish and Native American culture

Justification for Conquest

Europeans had immense confidence to their own cultures and beliefs; thought anyone who didn’t have the same values were heathens (“non-christians”)

Spreading the Faith: What was protestantism?

95-thesis, insisting bible should be for its own interpretation

Spreading the Faith: Spain wanted to convert Native Americans to Orthodox Catholicism because they didn’t want the Native Americans to fall into what?

Protestantism

La Casa’s Complaint: Which group did La Casa believe would prevent Native American from exploitation

Slaves from Africa

Reforming the Empire: The encomienda system was abolished, but what was set in place following it?

• residents in Native American villages remained legally free and entitled to wages but were still required to perform a fixed amount of labor each year

• Native Americans were not slaves BUT they still faced many allowed abuses by Spanish landlords and priests who made them go on missions for the conversion process

Reforming the Empire: What book highlighted to the world the cruel mistreatment Spanish authorities implemented on Native Americans?

Black Legend

Reforming the Empire: What impact did the Black Legend have?

would eventually provide a potential justification for other European powers to challenge Spain

Pueblo Revolt: Francisan friars worked relentlessly to convert Indians to Catholicism, often using what?

Intimidation and violence

Pueblo Revolt: friars began to burn _____, which alienated conversion to Christianity

sacred Indian objects

Pueblo Revolt: what sparked the revolt?

1660: the prolonged drought & the authorities inability to protect villagers from attacks by marauding Navajo and Apache Indians led to discontent among the Pueblos

Pueblo Revolt: Were the Pueblo’s successful in revolt?

Yes! For a period, they were able to keep out the Spanish from territory.  It wasn’t until 1692 that the Spanish reconquered New Mexico. Many communities tried welcoming them back for military protection