Human Geography AP Exam Prep // География АР Изпит (Не е мое)

Universalizing Religion

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular religion, numerous members. Religions that seek people to convert to their religion.

ex: Buddhism, Islam & Christianity

Fundamentalism

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principals of a religion.

Extremism is not the same, it is violent fundamentalism

Ethnic Religion

A religion amongst a group of people with a common heritage or that live in a single region

ex: Hinduism & Judaism are ethnic religions

Branch

A large and fundamental division within a religion.

Denomination

A subgroup of a larger belief system that have slightly different rituals or interpretations

ex: Presbyterian, Baptists, Methodists, Lutheran

Sect

A relatively small group that has broken away from a denomination.

Monotheism

The belief of the existence of only one God.

Polytheism

Belief in and worship of more than one god.

Animism

Belief that objects, like rocks and plants, or natural events, like earthquakes, have a spirit and conscious life.

- Most prevalent in Africa & Americas; see the world as being infused with spritual & supernatural powers

Pagan

A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.

Ghettos

A neighborhood in a city set up to house only Jews. Now used to describe a part of a city inhabited by a minority group.

Pilgrimage

A journey to a religious place.

Hierarchical Religion

A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control.

Autonomous Religion

A religion without a central authority. They share ideas and cooperate informally.

Caste System

The system in which you are born into a class or caste. Distinct order in which Hindus are assigned. Can't marry outside of a caste. Higher and lower status depending on your caste.

Judaism

-14 million

-monotheistic

-Leaders are called Rabbis

-Read from the Torah and Talmud

-10 commandments

-Worship in synagogue and shul

Hinduism

-900 million; Oldest religion

-polytheism (Brahman, Vishnu, and Shiva)

-No religious leaders

-Worship in temples

-Rules are Karma

-Symbol called Aum or Om

Buddhism

-360 million

-Traces from Hinduism, origin East Asia

-Not monotheistic or polytheistic, Worship Buddha

-Leaders are Dalai Lama and monks

-Scared writings are called Sutras

-Worship in temples

-Symbol is the Darhma Wheel

Islam

-1 billion

-monotheistic (Allah)

-Religious leader is Imam

-book is Qur'an

-worship in mosques

-called muslims

Christianity

-2 billion, world's most widespread religion

-monotheistic

-Bible

-lots of religious leaders (priests, bishops, reverends, pastors, etc.)

-Commandments

-worship in churches, cathedrals, temples, etc.

Roman Catholic

-Christianity

-Dominant in the southwest and east of Europe

-40% in the United States

- ~90% of Latin America

Protestant

-Christianity

-Dominant in the northwest of Europe

-28% in the Unites States

Sunni

-83% of Muslims

-Arabic for "People following the example of Muhammed"

Shiite

-16% of Muslims

-Arabic for the word "sectarian"

-90% of the population in Iran

Sikhism

-"Sikhs" is the Hindi word for "disciples"

-Located in South Asia

-Leaders are Gurus

-Guru Granth Sahib, or The Holy Granth of Enlightenment, is their holy scripture

Confucianism

-Belief system established in China 5th C.

-Chinese tradition of "li", or "correct behavior"

-Controlled daily life in China, emphasizes relationships & stresses harmony/balance

-Rooted in filial piety- respect of elders

Daoism (Taoism)

-Focus on mystical and magical aspects of life

-Myths to explain events

-Banned in China, but still practiced

-Legal in Taiwan

Shintoism

-Ethnic religion of Japan

-Forces of nature are divine

-Ancient rituals and prayers

-Japanese emperors were "divine"

-Shrines for deities

5 Pillars of Faith (Islam)

1. Shahadah (Allah is the only God)

2. Salah (Pray 5 times a day)

3. Zakah (Charity)

4. Sawn (Fast during Ramadan)

5. Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)

4 Noble Truths (Buddhism)

1. Suffering is a part of life

2. Suffering comes from desire

3. There is no end to suffering unless we end desire

4. The Noble 8-fold path

Christian denominations in US

- Baptists in "Bible Belt" southeastern US

- Upper Midwest, Lutheran

- midland states Methodists

- Catholicism dominant in northeast, and old Spanish territory areas; FL, TX, AZ, NM

-Mormonism - dominant in Utah

Religion

all religions have some set of teachings that imply a value system include some notion of the sacred, and include ideas about the place of human beings in the universe

Sacred spaces

areas or places of religious or spiritual significance

- Some are historical, Western Wall in Jerusalem

- Some are current; Mecca, Ganges River

Shamanism

- local religion, involves belief in supernatural powers that reside in particular people or natural phenomena

- In Shamanism, a single person fulfills the roles of priest, counselor, and physician. Claims conduit to the supernatural world