Gilded Age, Farmers' Movements, and US Imperialism: Key Concepts and Events

What act restricted immigration in the US?

The Chinese Exclusion Act

What were the main concerns of farmers during the Gilded Age?

Rising socio-economic inequality and debt

What strategies did industrial laborers use to express their concerns?

Unions and strikes

Why were farmers in the 1880s struggling?

Overproduction led to lower prices and increased debt

What was the role of mass transportation in agriculture during the Gilded Age?

It facilitated the distribution of products to worldwide markets

What financial policy worried farmers regarding tariffs?

They feared that other countries would impose tariffs, making it harder to sell abroad

What were Farmers Alliances?

Organizations where farmers could discuss problems and strategize solutions

What was the Sub Treasury Plan proposed by Farmers Alliances?

To store crops in government warehouses and obtain low-interest loans

What was the response of Congress to the Sub Treasury Plan?

It was rejected because it challenged the financial system

What political party emerged from the Farmers Alliances?

The Populist Party

What economic policy did the Populist Party advocate for?

A graduated income tax and the addition of silver to the currency backing

What was the significance of the 1892 election for the Populist Party?

They did not win but performed respectably

What major economic event occurred in 1893?

A major depression

What was the outcome of the 1896 presidential election?

Republicans, led by William McKinley, became dominant

What was the stance of the Democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan on currency?

He favored adding silver to the currency backing

What was the impact of the Populist Party on American politics?

Their ideals persisted even after the party declined

What major conflict did the US intervene in during 1898?

The Spanish-American War

When did the US enter World War I?

In 1917

What event triggered US involvement in World War II?

The attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941

What was the significance of the Gilded Age?

It was marked by economic growth and social challenges, including disenfranchisement.

What was the Jim Crow era?

A period of racial segregation laws in the South

What major civil rights events occurred in the 1950s and 60s?

The Civil Rights Movement

What does the term 'New South' refer to?

The economic changes in the South after Reconstruction.

What was a significant economic development in the late 19th century South?

Industrialization, including steel mills and rail construction.

What strategies were used to disenfranchise African Americans in the South?

Poll taxes and literacy tests.

What was the understanding clause?

A provision allowing those who could not pass tests to vote if they demonstrated understanding of the Constitution.

What were Grandfather Clauses?

Laws allowing individuals to vote if their grandfathers had voted before 1867.

What was the impact of disenfranchisement in Louisiana from 1896 to 1904?

A reduction from 130,000 registered voters to 1,000 African American voters.

What were Jim Crow laws?

Laws mandating racial segregation in the South.

What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson case in 1896?

The Supreme Court sanctioned Jim Crow laws.

What landmark case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson?

Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.

What major civil rights legislation was passed in 1964?

The Civil Rights Act.

When did the U.S. get involved in World War I?

In 1917.

What was the Cold War?

A period of political tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union without direct military conflict.

What was the outcome of the Spanish-American War?

The U.S. gained control of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.

What was the Homestead Act of 1862?

A law providing 160 acres of land to settlers who improved it.

What was the purpose of U.S. assimilation efforts towards Native Americans?

To make Native Americans adopt white Anglo-Protestant culture.

What was the Dawes Act of 1887?

A law that allocated Native American lands to white settlers and aimed to assimilate Native Americans.

What event marked the end of the Spanish-American War?

The Treaty of Paris.

What was the significance of the USS Maine in 1898?

Its explosion led to the U.S. declaring war on Spain.

Who was Ida B. Wells?

A journalist who highlighted the violence against African Americans.

What did Booker T. Washington advocate for?

Economic advancement and vocational training for African Americans.

Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?

A civil rights activist and co-founder of the NAACP.

What was the outcome of the Philippine-American War?

The U.S. retained control of the Philippines.

What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education ruling?

It declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

What was the impact of lynching in the South from 1880 to 1950?

Approximately 5,000 victims were lynched.