Knowledge Checks Review

Theory of Mind (ToM)

The ability to understand that others have different thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives.

Metalinguistic awareness

The ability to reflect on and manipulate the structure of language.

Contingency in communication

The reciprocal exchange between a child and their communicative partner.

Fast mapping

A process where a child quickly associates new words with their meanings.

Phonology

The study of sounds in a language, including their acquisition.

Morphology

The study of the structure and formation of words.

Syntax

The rules that govern the structure of sentences in a language.

Final consonant deletion

A phonological process where the final consonant of a word is omitted.

Consonant cluster reduction

A phonological process where a consonant cluster is simplified.

Assimilation

A phonological process where a sound changes to be more like a neighboring sound.

MLU (Mean Length of Utterance)

A measure of linguistic productivity in children; calculated by the average number of morphemes in utterances.

Phonological awareness

The ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken language.

Literacy

The ability to read and write effectively.

Dynamic literacy

A child's ability to connect written text to their own experiences.

Invented spelling

The use of phonetic spelling that reflects how a child hears words.

Narrative development

The progression of a child's ability to tell stories in a structured way.

Descriptive sequence in narratives

A phase where a child provides descriptions of characters and settings.

Reaction sequence in narratives

A phase where a child describes a sequence of events that occur in a story.

Literacy achievement predictors

Factors from early childhood that can predict future literacy skills.

Vocabulary Tier 2

Words used in academic contexts that are more complex than everyday vocabulary.

Syntactic development

The evolution of sentence structure and grammar in a child's language.

Semantic development

The process of learning the meanings of words and word relationships.

Reading to learn

The shift in focus from learning to read to using reading as a means to gain knowledge.

Spelling

The process of forming words with the correct letters in the correct order.

True/False

A type of question that asks for a simple affirmation or negation.

Child's expressive vocabulary

The words a child can use in speech or writing.

Expansion in language form

The increase in the complexity of language and sentence structure.

Rapid semantic development

The quick acquisition and use of new vocabulary.

Acquisition of articles

The process of learning to use words like 'a' and 'the' correctly.

School-age children

Children typically between the ages of 6 and 12.

Phonological development norms

Standard milestones that indicate typical progress in sound acquisition.

Syllable deletion

The omission of a syllable in a word, often heard in young children's speech.

Word acquisition order

The predictable sequence in which children learn new vocabulary.

Semantic knowledge

The understanding of meanings and concepts associated with words.

Role of storytelling

The importance of narratives in developing advanced language skills.

Social development and language

The impact of social relationships on language learning.

Intonation and prosody

The rhythm and pattern of sounds in spoken language.

Parent literacy practices

The reading and writing habits modeled by parents for their children.

Socioeconomic status and literacy

The relationship between a family's economic status and the child's literacy development.

Language and literacy skills correlation

The connection between spoken language development and reading/writing abilities.