Art Final - 1035 - TTU

Put the following in order: Renaissance, Middle Ages, Classical Antiquity

Classical Antiquity

Middle Ages

Renaissance

Italian Renaissance

“Rebirth”

• Renewed interest in Classical art, culture, and philosophy

  • Nude sculptings, mythological

  • Added Christian Content

  • Naturalism/Illusionment and Idealism

Humanism

tends to present the human body in a state of heightened realism

Giorgio Vasari

Uses Renaissance in books to situate his own era as renewal of classical art

• Done by making negative comments about Medieval art

Four Famous Italian Renaissance Artists

Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

Why is Donatello’s David significant

First life-size nude statue since antiquity (rome)

Lost wax techniques - Bronze

Young “ideal” figure

Androgynous figure/characteristics

Religious Imagery

Michelangelo’s David

Marble

Monumental scale

Contrapasto

Very Muscular

Image before defeating Goliath

Bernini’s David

Baroque

• Emphasis on movement and emotion/drama

Marble

How is Donatello’s David different from the others

Donatello’s shows David as a younger man, whereas the other show a more mature man

It also shows David after, whereas the others show before

It is smaller in scale

Less masculine

What is Fresco

Applying paint/pigment to wet plaster, allowing the color to become a part of the wall

Tempera Paint

Paint that is mixed with water or egg yolk and dries quickly

Oil Paint

Oil based paint that dries much slower the tempera paint

How is the Northern Italian Renaissance different from the Italian Renaissance

Northern

• Less focus on Idealism and human perfection

• More attention to religious symbolism and details

• Started with Protestant reformation

Italian

• Focus on Idealism and Human perfection

• Attention to religious symbolism

• Focus on Catholic Church

What medium did Northern Italian Renaissance artists use to achieve richer color and detail

Oil Paint

Chiaroscuro

Italian word that means the effect of dramatic contrast of light and dark

• Especially popular during Baroque artists

  • Caravaggio

The Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci

• Fresco

Mona Lisa

Leonardo da Vinci

• Oil Paint

Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo

• Fresco

School of Athens

Raphael

• Fresco

Put the following in order: Rococo, Baroque, Mannerism

Mannerism

Rococo

Baroque

What are the characteristics of Mannerism

Chaos, Emotional intensity, distortion

• Exaggerated position, proportions, and gestures

Brighter colors than Renaissance paintings

What movement is The Swing

Rococo

How does The Swing represent the characteristics of its art movement

Extravagance of the ruling class

Decoration, whimsy, indulgent, playful, frivolous

Pastels, lightness, bright

What form of government did King Louis XIV have when he created his palace at Versailles

Absolute Monarchy

What is the French Revolution

A revolting of the French people to overthrow King Louis XIV’s absolute monarchy, leading to the establishment of a republic

What artistic period do neoclassical artists get their inspiration from

Reaction to Baroque art

What is an art salon

Government sponsored training and exhibiting artists

Characteristics of Baroque

Theatrical, dynamic, dramatic, movement

Chiaroscuro and tenebrism

Characteristics of Rococo

Extravagance of rulings class

Whimsy, lightness, playful, indulgent

Bright colors, pastels

What historical event does Liberty Leading the People reference and who painted it

The July Revolution

Eugene Delacroix

What historical event does Death of Marat reference and who painted it

The French Revolution

Jacques-Louis David

What are the five types of paintings that art academies emphasized in order of importance

Historical Pieces

Portrait Painting

Genre Painting (Everyday life)

Landscape Painting

Still-Life Painting

What was the most important subject matter for art academies, usually the largest in size

Historical Pieces

Did art salons celebrate neoclassical and romantic paintings

Yes

Did art salons celebrate Realism

No

What is romanticism

Reflects contemporary moments, and current events

Focus on individual, emotion, and inspiration

What is Sublime

Aspect of romanticism that invokes fascination and fear

• Awe inspiring power of nature overwhelms man

Francisco Goya’s stance on war

War is not beneficial to people

• The Third of May, 1808

• Disasters of War

Which group of artists established the Salon des Refuses after being rejected from the art academy salon

Realist artists

• Didn’t want to be forced to paint the specific styles that the Academy pushed

What are the characteristics of Realism

Paintings of society

Political messages about inequality

Allowed process of painting to be showed in final work (brushstrokes)

What is considered the first modern art movement

Realism

Why were Edouard Manet’s Dejeuner sur I’Herbe and Olympia considered scandalous

Showed a nude women that were not historical references and that were not ashamed of nudity

Almost seductive look

Too large of a canvas so rejected by academy

What are the characteristics of Impressionism

Impasto

En Plein Air (outside paintings) with pre-mixed paints

Optics and color theory

Exhibited together outside of academic salons

Highly influenced by Japanese Art

• Orientalism - East is inspiration not innovation

What is impasto

Thickly applied paint (looks like puffy paint)

Why should Van Gogh’s works be considered post-impressionist and not impressionist

He worked to convey emotions rather than just the looks of something

Thick Brushstrokes

Less simple than impressionism

Characteristics of Post-Impressionism

Maintained visual brushstrokes, science of optics from impressionism

Wanted to separate from the simplicity of impressionism

Includes more complex qualities and content

Want to display the emotion and psychological elements of a moment

Be able to use examples from Van Gogh’s life and paintings to explain why he is post-impressionist

Lived with Paul Gauguin in Arles - Bedroom in Arles

Named after dead brother

starry night

self portraits

Differences and similarities in Impressionism and Post-Impressionism

Impressionism focuses on natural subjects while post-impressionist focuses on everyday life

Impressionism focuses less on emotion than post-impressionism

Impressionism has less thick lines than post-impressionism

Examples of Impressionist Paintings

Monet’s Water Lilies

Monet’s Haystacks

Renoir Two Sisters

Examples of Post-Impressionist paintings

Van Gogh - Bedroom at Arles

Van Gogh - Starry Night

How many paintings did van Gogh sell during his lifetime

Only known to have sold 1

What characteristic does realism, impressionism, and post-impressionism all share

A focus of depicting contemporary world from everyday life

• Less focus on Mythological and historical narratives

Was Pablo Picasso interested in paintings naturalistically when painting Cubism

No

What are the characteristics of Cubism

Underlying geometric form

Simultaneously viewing different angles/parts of an object or scene

• Unnatural perspectives

What non-European culture influenced cubism

Inspired by African art and their tribal masks

• Europeans viewed African art as being “primitive”

True or false, Picasso’s early works were naturalistic

True

What is Dada

Art that is a reaction to antiwar beliefs and the idea that the tech, industry, and science advances led to the total destruction that was WWI

• Founded by artists and writers who dodged WWII in Switzerland

What is Readymade

Manufactured objected promoted to art because the artist makes the choice and the act of discovery

• Marcell Duchamp

Were Dadaists anti-art

Yes

• They believed that traditional “rational” thoughts led to WWI and rejected the traditional values of art

What is Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain and why is it important

Fountain is a piece that is a decommissioned urinal that commented on the idea that male genetalia was often referenced in art but others wanted to censor his piece.

• This piece led to the idea of readymade

What is Surrealism

An art movement that depicts the absurd world

• Opposed rationality and convention

• Shows dream-like images

What were surrealists interested in

Surrealists were interested in exploring the unconscious mind

How did Sigmund Freud influence surrealists

Freud’s ideas on the subconscious mind greatly influenced surrealists

• Believed that creative genius lies in the subconscious

• Were also interested in Freud’s thoughts on creative impulse, total originality, and masculinity

What is Expressionism

Emotional expression in exaggerated forms and colors

Who created Mother with her Dead Son

Kathe Kollwitz

Wassily Kandinsky’s paintings are believed to be influenced by what neurological condition

Synesthesia

• Colorful association with sounds

Visual equivalent for non-verbal experience of instrumental music

What is abstraction

Art movement that sought to free the mind of thoughts about politics, religion, etc.

Ranges from objective to completely non-objective

What is Abstract Expressionism

Artists sought a universal visual experience

• Non-objective imagery with emotional expression

What is action painting

Canvas on the floor, paint is splashed, poured, etc. onto it

The focus of the art become its creation, rather than the piece itself

What artists created action painting

Jackson Pollock

What is a color field painting

Totally abstracted pieces that are a canvas full of a solid color

• Color is layered so it isn’t totally solid

• Meant to show emotion and contemplation

• Mark Rothko

Who is Jasper Johns

Work bridged abstract expressionism and pop art

Which art movement was inspired by Jasper John's; use of recognizable objects and subject matter from everyday life

Pop art

What is pop art

Art that bridges pop culture and art by using easily recognizable objects from everyday life

Which medium, originally considered commercial and not appropriate for “Fine Art,” was used frequently by artists of the pop art movement

Silkscreen printing

Which pop artists utilized comic book-style “Ben-Day” dots in his paintings

Roy Lichtenstein

Who is Andy Warhol

Painter who used silkscreen paintings and focused a lot on consumerism

• Consumerism undermines the art world’s insistence on originality, technique, and uniqueness

What is contemporary art

Latest era of art, typically made by artists that are still living

What is Earthworks

Artworks made with natural elements in their own environment

• Usually site-specific

Which Earthwork can be seen from Google Earth at Great Salt Lake

Spiral Jetty - Robert Smithson

What are the characteristics of artist Andy Goldsworthy’s art

Site Specific, temporary

Photographs the pieces and then allows them to blow away and return to nature

• Wants to capture the “splendor of nature”

What is your favorite art style/movement

a. Be as detailed as possible with specific artists and artworks and their historical and cultural context. What was happening in the world?

b. What are the processes, techniques, or mediums used in this movement?

c. Why was this your favorite art movement

Surrealism

a. Historical Context - In between World War I and II - opposed rationality and convention

• Frida Kahlo - Two Fridas and Little Deer

• Salvador Dali - Persistence of Memory and Temptation of St. Anthony

b. Processes - Dream-like imagery, total originality, masculinity

c. This is my favorite movement because it is really meaningful when examining it from the right perspective, but the meaning can be difficult to get to. I also really like the aspect of focusing on originality and I think that this movement is different to all of the other movements we discussed.