Knowledge Checks Review

Knowledge Checks

#7

Which of the following is the best characterization of a preschool-age child demonstrating theory of mind?

Jack and Owen are playing blocks. Jack puts a block under his foot when Owen isn't looking because he wants to hide it from him.

A child who adjusts their speaking style during play, such as using deeper voices to indicate males, is demonstrating an early form of metalinguistic awareness.

True

Select all that apply. Why is the development of theory of mind (ToM) an important milestone during the preschool period?

ToM is related to children’s language development.

ToM is related to children’s social development

ToM helps children understand that others have different thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives than they do

Which of the following demonstrates contingency between a child and their communicative partner?

Child: “Can we go to the park?” Parent: “Sure! We can go to the park today because the weather is nice.” Child: “I want to play on the swings.” Parent: “The swings are fun. Slides are fun, too.”

Which of the following words/concepts is a child likely to acquire last, according to typical developmental norms?

The question starter “when?

The preschool period is a time of rapid semantic development, and children learn new vocabulary terms every day.

True

A word is considered part of a child’s vocabulary once they demonstrate the ability to understand it when heard.

False

A typically developing child’s expressive vocabulary more than doubles between the ages of three and five.

True

Which of the following words would likely be the easiest for a child to “fast map?”

Daffodil

Preschool-age children are adept at maintaining a topic of conversation with their communication partners.

False

#8

Match the following examples of language form with the corresponding term.

Phonology: A child acquires /m/ before they acquire /s/

Morphology: A child acquires plural -s before they acquire past tense -ed

Syntax: A child acquires adjectives and articles to increase complexity of their noun phrase

Which of the following sound or sound structures would a child likely acquire last, according to typical standards of phonological development?

/thr/

Match the following examples with their corresponding phonological process.

Final consonant deletion: Fish → fi

Unstressed/weak syllable deletion: Elephant → efant

Consonant cluster reduction: Truck → tuck

Assimilation: Tack → kack

Fronting: Gum → dum

Stopping: Soap → toap

Ryan is 5 years old. He says the following statement: “The dod ki my pace.” [The dog kiss my face]. Which TWO of the following phonological processes are the most inappropriate for Ryan to still have in his speech? 

Fronting, Final consonant deletion

What is the MLU in morphemes of the following two sentences? “She ran to the park. She slid down the slide.”

5

Which of the following is the best way to break these sentences into morphemes? “The biggest cars are always blue. They have black interiors.”

The bigg/est car/s are always blue. They have black interior/s.

What is the MLU in morphemes of the following two sentences? “The biggest cars are always blue. They have black interiors.”

6.5

The typical MLU of a three-year-old is 3 in words and 6 in morphemes.

True

The acquisition of articles (e.g., “a” and “the”) at age 2-3 is linked with growth in the development of theory of mind.

True

Syntactic development in preschool children is a slow and gradual process, extending well into the school-age years.

False

#9

Select the best answer. Which of the following is a major reason why school-age children acquire advanced syntactic forms and language use?

Narratives & storytelling

A child tells the following story: "My dog's name is Rover. Rover jumped to get ball. The ball hit him on the nose." What phase of narrative development is the child most likely in?

Reaction sequence

Noun phrase development is a slower and more gradual process than verb phrase development

False

Literacy plays a key role in expanding language content and vocabulary knowledge during the school years.

True

Although first graders understand as many of 10,000 words, they typically only use about one-fourth of them expressively. 

True

A child tells the following story: "My dog is Rover. Rover plays fetch. He likes balls." What phase of narrative development is the child most likely in?

Descriptive sequence

It would be considered typical for an early school-age child to demonstrate difficulty pronouncing the following words: Stretch, snark, treaty, & tests.

True

A significant portion of language content is developed in the preschool years, so the early school years are a time for advancements to language use and form

False

Place these words in the likely order in which they would be acquired by a typically developing school-age child.

Jealous, Quicker, Breathy, Sneakily

A first grader is learning the new vocabulary word “eager.” Which vocabulary tier does “eager” most closely align with?

Tier 2

#10

Which of the following factors from early childhood best predict literacy achievement in later grades?

Language abilities, number of books in the home, parents’ literacy practices, socioeconomic status

Which of the following is NOT an example of phonological awareness?

Morpheme addition

'Literacy' refers to the process of learning to read and write.

True

A child who spells 'water' WOTR, 'like' LIK, and 'stopped' STOPT' is likely in which phase of spelling mastery? 

Invented spelling

All adults eventually reach the 'mature' writing phase, where speaking and writing are consciously separate, and writing is significantly more complex than spoken language.

False

A child's ability to compare and contrast written text and relate content to their own previous experiences is termed 'dynamic literacy.'

True

Children's phonological awareness skills are most closely related to which of the following TWO abilities?

Spelling, reading

The development of literacy parallels the development of language, and the majority of skills in each domain are developed by age 5.

False

Writing and spoken language are of equal complexity; that is, we write in a similar manner to which we speak.

False

Which of the following age ranges does the shift from 'learning to read' to 'reading to learn' occur?

8-9 years