ELECTRONICS G10 Q1

Electrical symbol

This is a visual symbol that represents a particular type of electrical component in a wiring diagram or similar schematic

Wire

This is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal.

Connected wire

This represents the connection of two conductors.

Unconnected wire

This represents two unconnected wires/conductors.

Input Bus Line

This represents a bus for input or incoming data.

Output Bus Line

This represents a bus for output or outgoing data.

Bus Line

This represents a number of conductors joined together to

Terminal

This represents a start or end point

Switch

This is a small control for an electrical device which you use to turn the device on or off

Push button (Closed)

This switch is initially in ON state.

Push button (On)

This switch is in ON state when the button is pressed otherwise it is in OFF state

SPST

(Single-pole single-throw) This acts as ON/OFF switch. Poles define the number of circuits it can be connected to and throws defines the number of positions that a pole connects.

SPDT

(Single pole double throw) This switch allows the current to flow in any one of the two directions by adjusting its position.

DPST

(Double Pole Single Throw) This switch can drive two circuits at a time.

DPDT

(Double Pole Double Throw) This can connect the four circuits by changing the position.

Ground

It is equivalent to theoretical 0V and is used as zero potential reference. It is the potential of perfectly conducting earth.

Signal Ground

It is a reference point from which the signal is measured.

Chassis Ground

It acts as a barrier between user and the circuit and prevents electric shock.

AC Supply

This represents the AC supply in the circuit

DC Supply

This represents the DC power supply, it applies the DC supply to the circuit.

Constant current source

It is a dependent current source. Usually depends on other sources (voltage or current).

Constant voltage source

It is a dependent voltage source. Usually depends on other sources (voltage or current).

Controlled current source

It is a dependent voltage source. Usually depends on other sources (voltage or current).

Single Cell Battery

This provides supply to the circuit.

Multi-cell battery

Combination of multiple single cell batteries or a single large cell battery

Sinusoidal generator

Represents the sine wave generator

Pulse generator

Represents pulse or square wave generator

Triangular wave

Represents triangular wave generator

Capacitor

This is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field.

Non Polarized Capacitor

Non-polarized capacitors are big in size with small capacitance. They can be used in both AC and DC circuits.

Polarized Capacitor

Polarized capacitors are small in size but have high capacitance. They are used in DC circuits. They can be used as filters, for bypassing or passing low frequency signals.

Resistor

This is an electrical component that opposes the flow of either direct or alternating current, employed to protect, operate, or control the circuit

Fixed resistor

It is a device that opposes the flow of current in a circuit.

Rheostat

It is a two terminal variable resistor. Generally used in tuning circuits and power control applications like heaters, ovens, etc

LDR

They are also called as Photo Resistors. They are generally used in light sensing applications

Diode

This is an electrical component that allows the flow of current in only one directions

PN Junction Diode

Allows the current to flow only in forward bias condition. These diodes can be used in clipping and clamping circuits , as rectifiers in dc circuits etc.

Photodiode

Detects the light energy and converts it into current or voltage by a mechanism called photoelectric effect.

Zener diode

In forward bias condition, it acts as normal diode and allows current. It also allows current to flow in reverse bias condition when the voltage reaches a certain break-down point.

LED

Light emitting diode is similar to PN junction diode but they emit energy in the form of light instead of heat.

Inductor

These are essentially coils of conduction wire; they store magnetic energy in the form of a magnetic energy in the form of a magnetic field generated by the current in the coil

Iron Core Inductor

These are used as substitutes to ferrite core inductors. Ferrite core or Ferromagnetic inductors have high permeability and require air gap to reduce it. Iron powdered core inductors have this air gap integrated.

Ferrite Core Inductor

Core material, in this type of inductors is made of ferrite material. These are mostly used to suppress the interference of electromagnetic waves.

Variable Inductor

Movable ferrite magnetic core variable inductors are most common. The inductance is varied by sliding the core in or out of the coil.

Transistor

A semi conductor device for amplifying, controlling, and generating electrical signals.

Transformer

It is the basic element that transfers energy in one circuit to the other circuit through electromagnetic induction.

Screwdriver

These are hand tools specifically designed to insert and tighten, or to loosen and remove screws.

Slotted Screwdriver

This is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws

Phillips Screwdriver

This is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws. It is a screwdriver that could take greater torque and could provide tighter fastenings.

Jeweler's Screwdriver Set

This is a set of small screw drivers composed of slotted and Phillips screwdrivers

Allen Screw Driver/Wrench

This could be in the shape of a screw driver or a wrench. Its function is to drive screw with hexagonal slot head.

Stubby Screwdriver

It comes in either standard or philips screw driver with short shank or blade and a shorted handle used to turn screws in tight space where standard screw driver cannot be used.

Soldering iron

This is a device for applying heat to melt solder in attaching two metal parts

Soldering Tool Stand

This is a place where the soldering iron is placed during usage

Desoldering tool

This is used in removing soldered wires and components on printed circuit boards for troubleshooting and repair purposes.

Long nose

This is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of electronic component or connecting wires

Side cutter

Is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn anything, but are used to cut wires

Wire stripper

This is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters.

12V Mini Drill

Is used to bore or drill holes in the printed circuit board (PCB) with sizes from 1/32" - 1/16".

Portable electric drill

This is used for boring hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis with the used of drill bits having 1/6" to approximately 1/4"

Metal files

These are hand tools having a series of sharp, parallel ridges or teeth

Flat file

This is a type of metal file that is parallel in width and tapered in thickness' they are used for flat surfaces and edges.

Half round file

This is a type of metal file that is tapered width and thickness, coming to a point and is narrower than a standard half round and used for filing inside of rings.

Round file

This is a type of metal file that is also called rat-tail file which is gradually tapered and used for many tasks that require a round tool, such as enlarging round holes or cutting a scalloped edge

Utility knife

This is a common tool used in cutting various trades and crafts for a variety of purposes

Hacksaw

This is used for cutting metals.

Magnifying glass

(Auxiliary tool) This is a convex lens which is used to produce a magnified image of an object.

Paint brush

(Auxiliary tool) This is made of bristles set in handle, used for cleaning dirty parts of a circuit or an object.

Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter

It is an equipment that combines three functions: as a voltmeter that measures both ac and dc voltages; an ohmmeter that measures resistance; and milliameter that measures small amount of dc current

Oscilloscope

An oscilloscope (commonly abbreviated CRO, for cathode-ray oscilloscope, or scope)

Signal generator

This is a device that produces simple wave forms.

Conductors

These are the materials or substances which allow electricity to flow through them.

Insulators

These are the materials or substances which resist or don't allow the current to flow through them.

Silver

This is best conductor of electricity

Glass

This is the best insulator as it has the highest resistivity

Semi Conductors

These are substances with properties somewhere between conductors and insulators

Doping

This is the process of deliberately adding very small amounts of impurities or foreign substances to an otherwise pure substance

Dopants

This is what the impurities that are added to a pure substance is called

Intrinsic semiconductor and extrinsic semiconductor

Semiconductors can be classified as these two

Intrinsic semiconductor

Semiconductor in pure form is know as this

Extrinsic semiconductor

When we add an impurity to pure semiconductor to increase the charge carriers then it becomes an?

N-type

Type of extrinsic semiconductor na may excess electron

P-type

Type of extrinsic semiconductor na may kulang na electron therefore nagkakahole