DCUSH MIDTERM

Term

Explanation

Jamestown

Jamestown, founded in 1607, was the first permanent English settlement in North America. Early settlers struggled but survived due to tobacco farming.

Quakers

Quakers believed in equality, pacifism, and religious freedom. Many settled in Pennsylvania under William Penn.

Signing of the Declaration of Independence

The Declaration was signed on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from Britain. It listed grievances and natural rights.

Supporters of the American Revolution

Patriots wanted independence from Britain. France supported them with money and troops.

British taxation after the French and Indian War

Britain taxed the colonies to pay war debts. Colonists protested these taxes.

Articles of Confederation

The Articles created a weak national government. Congress lacked power to tax or enforce laws.

Shays’ Rebellion

Farmers revolted over debt and taxes in Massachusetts. The government could not stop it easily.

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Federalists supported a strong national government. Anti-Federalists feared loss of freedoms.

Indian Removal Act

The law forced Native Americans west. Many died on the Trail of Tears.

Abolition

Abolition sought to end slavery. Activists used speeches and protests.

Manifest Destiny

Americans believed they were destined to expand west. This drove settlement.

Jefferson Davis

Davis was president of the Confederacy. He led the South during the Civil War.

South Carolina

South Carolina was the first state to secede. Fort Sumter was located there.

John Brown

Brown used violence to oppose slavery. He raided Harpers Ferry.

Fort Sumter

Confederates attacked this fort in 1861. It was in South Carolina.

Strengths of the Confederacy

The South had strong generals and fought defensively. Soldiers were highly motivated.

Strengths of the Union

The North had more industry, railroads, and people. It also had a strong navy.

Confederate invasion in the North

The South invaded Northern territory. Battles like Gettysburg occurred.

Lincoln’s main goal at the beginning of the Civil War

Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union. Ending slavery was not the first goal.

Lincoln assassination

Lincoln was killed in 1865. The nation mourned.

Freedmen’s Bureau

The Bureau helped formerly enslaved people. It provided schools and aid.

Limitations on voting for African Americans after the Civil War

States used poll taxes and literacy tests. These blocked Black voters.

Goals of the KKK during Reconstruction

The KKK used violence and intimidation. It targeted African Americans.

Bessemer Process

This process made steel cheaper. It improved production speed.

New immigrants vs. Old immigrants

Old immigrants came earlier from Western Europe. New immigrants came later from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Angel Island

Angel Island processed Asian immigrants. Conditions were harsh.

Push factors vs. Pull factors

Push factors force people to leave. Pull factors attract them elsewhere.

Building materials for people living in the Great Plains

Settlers used sod to build homes. Wood was scarce.

Government policy towards American Indians after the Indian Wars

The government forced assimilation. Boarding schools were used.

Supporters of the Populist Party

Farmers and workers supported the Populists. They wanted reform.

The Jungle

The book exposed unsafe food conditions. It caused public outrage.

The year 1898 and its importance

The U.S. fought Spain in 1898. It gained new territories.

Goals of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union

The WCTU wanted to ban alcohol. It supported women’s rights.

W.E.B. DuBois and racial equality

DuBois demanded immediate civil rights. He helped found the NAACP.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Court allowed segregation. It created “separate but equal.”

Causes of World War I

WWI was caused by Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism. Tensions were high.

Fighting on the Western Front

Trench warfare dominated the Western Front. Conditions were deadly.

US entering World War I

The U.S. entered in 1917. Germany’s actions pushed involvement.

The Great Migration

African Americans moved north. They sought jobs and safety.

Central Powers

The Central Powers included Germany and its allies. They fought the Allies.

Allied Powers

The Allies included Britain, France, and the U.S. They fought the Central Powers.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

The treaty ended the Spanish-American War. The U.S. gained territory.

Platt Amendment

The amendment limited Cuba’s freedom. The U.S. could intervene.

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

The archduke was assassinated in 1914. It sparked WWI.

British blockade of Germany

Britain blocked supplies to Germany. Germany suffered shortages.

Convoy system

Ships traveled with naval escorts. This reduced submarine attacks.

New weapons used during WWI

New weapons included gas, tanks, and machine guns. Warfare became deadlier.

American neutrality

The U.S. stayed neutral at first. Americans wanted peace.

MANIA

MANIA stands for Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism. These caused WWI.