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Gettier case
a situation in which we have justified true belief, but not knowledge, because the belief is only accidentally true given the evidence that justifies it
infallibilism
to be knowledge, a belief must be certain. if we can doubt a belief, then it is not certain, and so it is not knowledge
justification
what is offered as grounds for believing an assertion
lemma
a claim made part way through an argument
no false lemmas
the ‘no false lemmas’ condition is sometimes added to tripartite theory of knowledge. for something to count as knowledge it must be the case that you did not infer it from anything false
reliabilism
the theory that you know that P if P is true, you believe that P, and your belief is caused by a reliable cognitive process
tripartite theory of knowledge
justified, true belief is necessary and sufficient for propositional knowledge. you need all and only JTB to have K
virtue epistemology
S knows that P if and only if P is true, S believes that P, and S’s belief that P is the result of S exercising their epistemic/ intellectual virtues
Zagzebski’s virtue epistemology
S knows that P if S believes that P, and S’s belief arises from an act of intellectual virtue
epistemic/intellectual virtue
a skill, ability or trait of the mind or person that contributes to the good end of gaining knowledge and forming true beliefs
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