Effects of Migration

Changes in Home Societies

• External and Internal migration changed demographics and gender roles in societies they left.

• Women gained authority and independence as men migrated and left their responsibilities to them.

• Remittance: money sent in mail.

• Male immigrants often provided remittance to their wives back home where they could reduce their working hours and manage their budget more.

Effects of Migration on Receiving Societies

• Ethnic Enclaves: location where area an ethnic group is clustered yet socially and economically distinct from the majority group.

• Immigrants spread their culture to their new communities and tried to live life like back home.

• Chinese migration to Southeast Asia allowed them to thrive as business owners and eventually control trade in the region.

• Chinese came to the Americas for the gold rush but became indispensable workers in construction under contract.

• Gold Rush: discovery of new gold deposits in the Americas which caused massive migration.

• Indians migrated to South Africa for construction labor where they spread their culture but also caused discrimination (apartheid) which Ghandi worked to remove.

• Natal Indian Congress: Political movement started in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government.

• Indians moved to Southeast Asia where they could work with their family (kangani system)

• Indians sent to the Caribbean for sugar plantation work became largest ethnic group in most of the region

• American Canal System: construction project that ran through the Isthmus of Panama connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

• Scots-Irish: Irish descendants of Scottish migrants to Ireland.

• Irish immigrants in America had influence on dancing, holidays, and promotion of improved labor conditions.

• Second generation Irish became icons in popular culture.

• Italian mostly spoken in Argentina major cities today as 55% of population from Italian descent.

• Italian migration improved standard of living in Argentina quickly.

Prejudice and Regulation of Immigration

• California constitution implemented many policies discriminating against the mass Chinese worker population.

• Chinese Exclusion Act: A 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States.

• Mexico promoted immigration for the banned Chinese.

• Chinese Immigration Act (1855): Parliament of Victoria limited the number of Chinese passengers on a vessel.

• Chinese attacked by white miner in South Australia, many killed.

• Chinese immigration regulation and restriction act 1861: Attempted to restrict amount of Chinese immigrants into New South Wales.

• Influx of Chinese Restriction act: Entrance tax to restrict Chinese immigration into New South Wales.

• China towns: Chinese enclaves.

• White Australia Policy: series of policies set to forbid/restrict immigration, Mainly Chinese.