Ch 6 Consciousness

consciousness

awareness of internal and external situations

beta stage

awake and alert

beta waves

highest frequency, lowest amplitude; beta stage

alpha stage

awake, yet drowsy

alpha waves

lower frequency, higher amplitude, more rhythmic

stage 1 (non-rem)

theta waves; short in duration; may experience dreams, mild hallucinations, body jerks, sensation of falling; transition from wakefulness

stage 2 (non-rem)

theta waves w sleep spindles and k complexes; tension, heart rate, BP, temps, respiration decrease

sleep spindles

bursts of high frequency waves

k-complexes

bursts of high amplitude waves

stage 3 (non-rem)

deep sleep; delta waves'; body very relaxed; BP temp. breathing, blood to brain reduced; hard to wake, but still environmentally aware

delta waves

low frequency, high amplitude

REM sleep

rapid eye movements (every 30 seconds eye move rapidly under closed lids); active brain waves similar to beta waves; high levels of physiological arousal; body “paralyzed”; paradoxical sleep and frequent dreaming

paradoxical sleep

body still, peaceful while aroused

Activation Synthesis Theory

dreams are a byproduct of neural activity

threat simulation theory

dreams allow us to rehearse survival strategies

social simulation theory

dreams allow us to rehearse strategies for dealing with social/behavioral situations

sleep paralysis

waking up feeling paralyzed

hypnagogic sleep paralysis

experience hallucinations alongside paralysis

hypnotic anesthestia

reduction in pain after receiving suggestions during hypnosis