Psych 105 Final

The term culture is typically used in everyday language to refer to all of the following except

The term culture is typically used in everyday language to refer to all of the following except

genetic determinants of behavior.

The textbook defines culture as the values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols

and passed down from generation to generation.

Most people use the term culture to refer to someone's race, ethnicity, or country of origin. This is known as a ________ definition of culture.

narrow

_________ is determined by physical and cultural characteristics.

Ethnicity

Race differs from culture in that culture focuses on

the shared attitudes and beliefs of a group.

Why does race continue to be such a widely used concept in today's society?

Because the term has become useful in our interpersonal, group, and societal relationships.

_____________ refers to critical incidents where people from different cultural, ethnic, or linguistic backgrounds come into social contact with each other.

Culture contact

Which field is interested in cultural comparison, or looking for what is similar and different between cultures?

Cross-cultural psychology

The basic assumption of multiculturalism includes tolerance, respect, inclusion, sensitivity, and

equity.

In today's society, the term _________ has come to mean a fair, open, and objective attitude toward people and ideas that differ from yours.

tolerance

When participant responses are either numerical or transformed into numerical values for the purpose of comparison, we are using a ____________ form of research.

quantitative

Qualitative research approaches might be used when numerical scores

lose some valuable information.

A researcher is collecting data at a single time across a wide number of age groups. This researcher is interested in seeing if people in their 50's, 60's, and 70's respond alike or differently from one another. This researcher is emplying a _____________ experimental design.

cross-sectional

A researcher collects data on 50-year-olds and follows them for 20 years to see if they responded the same or differently when they were 50, 60, and 70 years old. This researcher is employing a ____________ experiment design.

longitudinal

A researcher collects data on 50- and 60-year-olds and follows them for 10 years. This researcher then compares responses when the 50-year-olds were 50 years old, both groups when they were 60 years old, and the second set of participants when they were 70 years old. The researcher is employing a ____________ experiment design.

sequential

Gardener's theory of intelligence suggests that ______ aptitudes should be considered forms of intelligence.

eight

If a therapist diagnoses ethnic minorities displaying the same symptoms as their European American counterparts as having schizophrenia whereas diagnoses the European American clients as having bipolar disorder, the therapist is having a

bias of the user of the test.

Bias in the user refers to

the introduction of bias in the interpretation of a test.

The ____ approach examines only one culture from within that culture.

emic (remember, emic= ME!)

When confronted with a choice between one's desires and the needs of the larger group, someone from an individualistic society will

be motivated by one's own preferences and needs.

When confronted with a choice between one's own desires and the needs of the larger group, someone from a collectivist society will

be motivated by the preferences and needs of the group.

According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to his/her own needs is

idiocentric.

According to Triandis (1995), an individual who acts according to the needs of the group is

allocentric.

In collectivist cultures,

shame is a more important negative emotion than is guilt.

In individualistic cultures,

guilt is a more important negative emotion than is shame.

___________ is when an individual attempts to avoid being publicly revealed for negative behavior.

Loss of face

All of the following are parts of the WEIRD acronym except

extraverted.

Janet Helms and her colleagues developed the terms ALANA and VREG to describe ethnic minority populations in order to

avoid the term "minority", which they felt was disempowering.

Suppose that you are in a conversation with someone and that person tells you a lie. According to Grice's Cooperative Principle, that person is violating the maxim of

quality (assumes we tell the truth).

Your friend asks you the answer to a mathematics question and you begin talking about a picnic you had over the weekend. You are violation Grice's Cooperative Principle maxim of

relevance.

You talk to your grandmother in a very disrespectful way. You are violating Grice's Cooperative Principle maxim of

manner.

Someone says to you, "This is real interesting" in a sarcastic tone. This person is using Norman and Rummelhart's addition to the Cooperative Principle maxim of

rule violations.

The distance you stand from people while speaking to them is a form of nonverbal communication called

proxemics.

Using hand gestures while talking is an example of the nonverbal communication called

kinesics.

One of the most popular topics that grandparents like to talk about with their grandchildren is

their family histories.

According to Lakoff's (1975) examination of gender and language, which of the following are women most likely to say

"This is a great idea, don't you think?"

"I may be wrong, but i think this is interesting." The phrase "I may be wrong" is an example of a(n)

qualifier.

When someone learns a second language that does not replace his/her original language, this is called

additive bilingualism.

___________ usually considered their move before they made the decision, and the move may be based on their desire to "do better" for their families.

Immigrants

"I did not want to leave my family and i could not even say goodbye to them. I was forced to leave and all i got were only my ragged clothes." This person is most likely to be a/an

refugee.

One of the main differences between immigrants and refugees is that refugees

do not want to leave home.

_______ refers to the period of transit away from the home country when refugees do not know where they are going.

Flight

One of the most common mental disorders suffered by refugees is

posttraumatic stress disorder.

All of the following are common experiences of both immigrants and refugees except

escaping from violence.

Lack of ___________ becomes one of the most important factors in the acculturation process, but can also be the greatest source of stress for immigrants and refugees.

support networks

_____________ refers to the experiences and changes that groups and individuals undergo when they come into contact with a different culture.

Acculturation

Who is considered to be the "father" of psychological research on acculturation?

Berry

A(n) ____________ identifies with their country of origin and rejects all the host culture's values and beliefs.

separationist

If we see Bobby hit Jimmy and conclude that Bobby must be an aggressive child, we have committed

the fundamental attribution error.

Stereotypes are considered to be the __________ component of organization.

cognitive

Prejudice is considered to be the __________ component of categorization

evaluative

Your friend thinks that all Asians like electronic gadgets. Your friend

has just stereotypes Asians.

Your friend works at an electronics store and does not serve Asian customers because he feels like they are taking over the electronic gadget world. Your friend

discriminates against Asians.

An electronics company does not have any stores in Asian-dominated areas because it does not trust Asians with electronic merchandise. This company

is racist towards Asians.

The book discussed how cognitive dissonance theory explained negative stereotyping because those in power

are able to justify their negative behavior.

McIntosh (1988, 1995) discussed how she knows that if she were to turn on the televison, she would be confident of seeing people of her race depicted in a wide variety of roles. She called this kind of fact of American life

White privilege.

Latasha, a Black woman, is asked by her professor what Blacks think about a topic in class, whereas Emily, a White woman, is merely asked what she thinks. Emily is benefitting from

White privilege.

Those individuals who are willing to give up some of their power to help those on the downside of power are referred to as

allies.

According to Eric Erikson (1950/1963), one of the major developmental tasks for a human being is developing

identity.

In which of these domains does the search for identity take place?

All of the above (Physical appearance, Gender roles, and Career plans)

Which of the following stages is part of Poston's five-stage model of biracial identity development?

Identity confusion

According to Cass, the first stage that young people go through when questioning their sexual identity is

identity confusion.

In Cass' model of sexual identity development, identity synthesis is when an individual

integrates his/her sexual identity with his/her other identities

Who proposed a series of stages for sexual identity development?

Cass

When he was a young boy, Rudy noticed that, unlike the other little boys, he enjoyed hanging out with his female cousins, playing with dolls, and admiring male television stars. What stage of sexual identity development does this describe?

Identity confusion

What is the final stage of sexual identity development?

Identity synthesis

Some European Americans feel left out because they feel they don't have a culture or an ethnic identity. Some students have said, "I'm boring. I'm just White." Jimenez (2010) describes this as

ethnic blandness.

Racial salience refers to

the extent to which one's race is a relevant part of one's self-concept in a particular situation.

The world health Organization's (1948) definition of health encompasses:

not just the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Health disparities cannot be fully understood without considering both health and

funding.

Which group tends to practice better health habits?

Younger, more affluent, better educated people under low levels of stress

Health behaviors differ according to demographic factors such as

education, social status, economic status, and stress levels.

What are the MAIN causes of health disparities?

Racism, poverty, and structural barriers to accessing healthcare

What is the BEST conclusion about the overall rates of mental disorder between men and women?

There are no overall differences in the rates of mental disorder between men and women, but there are differences in the specific types of orders experienced.

The Inclusion of cultural concepts of distress in DSM-5

All of the above (helps to avoid misdiagnosis, yields information that helps increase our understanding of the impact of culture on mental health, helps build rapport and improve relationships between mental health professionals and consumers)

It is generally accepted that ethnic minorities tend to _________ mental health services.

underutilize

What is the main resource used by health and mental health professionals in the United States to diagnose mental disorders?

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

How does culture influence mental health?

All of the above (The types of symptoms experienced, The way the symptoms are expressed, The individual level of comfort in seeking help)

______________ are disorders that only occur in certain cultures.

Cultural syndromes

_______________ are specific ways of expressing troubling thoughts, behaviors, and emotions within a particular culture.

Cultural idioms of stress

What disorder is characterized by re-experiencing an event through intrusive memories, dreams, or flashbacks?

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Kim was told she needed a "card" to get medical help but she didn't know what that was. This story illustrates the effect of ___________ on health disparities.

language

Providing trained interpreters is

a legal requirement that medical facilities often fail to meet.

___________ is effectiveness working with people who are different than you.

Multicultural competence

Each area of multicultural competence includes

attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, skills, and action.

Which of the following illustrates understanding other worldviews?

Doing a research paper on a different culture from yours

Most people are familiar with the "fight or flight" response. What other two responses did Bracha et al. (2004) describe?

freeze and fright

Making an effort to meet someone from another culture illustrates which of the "D's of Difference"?

Discovery

All of the following are "S's of Similarity" except

Synonymous

The statement "I don't have a culture"

reflects an ethnocentric attitude where one's own culture is used as the standard.

Multicultural competence is a(n)

interpersonal skill.