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Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.
Gideon v. Wainwright
A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government
Plessy v. Ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Tinker v. Des Moines
Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that the First Amendment does not protect all types of student speech in school.
freedom of the press
the right of journalists to publish the truth without restriction or penalty
freedom of assembly
the right to hold meetings and form groups without interference by the government; guaranteed in the First Amendment
Freedom of Petition
the right to present requests to the government without punishment.
eminent domain
Power of a government to take private property for public use.
Habeas Corpus
Having the evidence and charges to known to a person arrested
due process
fair treatment through the normal judicial system
Establishment Clause
Clause in the First Amendment that says the government may not establish an official religion.
9th Amendment
Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution
10th Amendment
Powers Reserved to the States
13th Amendment (1865)
Abolishes and prohibits slavery
14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws. Defines the laws for citizenship.
15th Amendment (1870)
States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
Suffrage
the right to vote
precedent
How similar cases have been decided in the past.
Civil Disobedience
A nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws.
Judicial Branch
Has the ability to rule something unconstitutional.
civil cases
Cases that have to do with money and non-criminal things.
In re Gault (1967)
Juveniles have a right to an attorney and other due process rights when there is a possibility of jail or prison.
Note 
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