Water and Passive Transport

Homeostasis

The maintaining of internal stable conditions

Define selectively permeable

A barrier in the membrane that determines which substances can pass through, while keeping others out

What are two organic compounds that make up the cell membrane?

Lipids and proteins

What does the phosolipid bilayer in the membrane consist of? 

A polar head (hydrophilic loves water) and a nonpolar tail (hydrophobic hates water) 

Where are the integral proteins located?

Embedded in the membrane

What is a polar compound?

A molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slighty negative

How does the water’s high specific heat help organisms maintain homeostasis?

It helps keep cells at an even temperature

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

When the concentration of molecules is the same throughout a space it has reached

Equilibrium

How does the concentration gradient determine the rate of diffusion?

More steep concentration gradient means faster diffusion and less steep concentration gradient equals slower diffusion

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

The temperature rises as diffusion rises

Osmosis 

The diffusion of water molecules 

Hypotonic solution 

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes

hypertonic solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes  

Isotonic solution

The solute concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane, resulting in no net movement of water

Turgor pressure

The pressure of water causing the cell membrane to be pressed against the cell wall

Facilitated diffusion 

A type of passive transport that uses the help of special proteins dor rapid diffusion 

Carrier proteins

membrane proteins that allow molecules to move down their concentration gradient

Channel proteins

Membrane proteins that can be always opened or controlled by gates

Cohesion

attractive force between particles of the same kind

Adhesion

attractive force between unlike substances

Caprillity

ability of water to move upward through a narrow tube against the force of gravity

High specific heat

The energy that is needed to break the hydrogen bonds betweenn water molecules